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. 2020 Dec 8;12(12):3771. doi: 10.3390/nu12123771

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) promote GDF15 expression and secretion in macrophages. (A) Heatmap representing GDF15 expression in human primary macrophages treated with different stimuli. Further details are available in Xue et al., 2014 [38] and under the accession number GSE47189. (B,C) MDMs were treated with 100 µM FFA or BSA for 16 h. GDF15 expression was assessed by RT-qPCR (B) and GDF-15 secretion in SN was measured by luminex assay (C) (n = 5). * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. SN, supernatant. FC, fold change.