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. 2020 Dec 14;12(12):1439. doi: 10.3390/v12121439

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Phylogenetic tree analysis on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments. Phylogenetic tree analysis was based on (A) the HA gene segment containing a total of 67 H5 clade 2.3.4.4, other clades, and outgroups, and (B) the NA gene segment containing a total of 49 N8 NA, including highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. The red-colored strain indicates H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan and Korea, 2000 of which A/northern pintail/Hokkaido/M13/2020 (H5M8), an isolate in Hokkaido, 2020 is underlined. The green-, yellow-, and blue-colored strains indicate the H5N8 HPAIVs isolated in Europe in the winter of 2019-2020, H5N6 HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Korea in the winter season of 2017–2018, and H5Nx HPAIVs isolated in Europe in October and November, 2020, respectively. The numbers below or above the node indicate bootstrap values greater than 60%.

Phylogenetic tree analysis on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments. Phylogenetic tree analysis was based on (A) the HA gene segment containing a total of 67 H5 clade 2.3.4.4, other clades, and outgroups, and (B) the NA gene segment containing a total of 49 N8 NA, including highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. The red-colored strain indicates H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan and Korea, 2000 of which A/northern pintail/Hokkaido/M13/2020 (H5M8), an isolate in Hokkaido, 2020 is underlined. The green-, yellow-, and blue-colored strains indicate the H5N8 HPAIVs isolated in Europe in the winter of 2019-2020, H5N6 HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Korea in the winter season of 2017–2018, and H5Nx HPAIVs isolated in Europe in October and November, 2020, respectively. The numbers below or above the node indicate bootstrap values greater than 60%.