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Detoxifying enzyme produced by 2nd instar Spodoptera litura larvae in response to different treatments of Beauveria brongniartii Fe0NPs, B. brongniartii and control after 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. (A): glutathione-S-transferase (GST); (B) superoxide dismutase (SOD); (C) catalase (CAT); and (D) peroxidase (POD). Error bars indicate standard error of means. Different letters above columns indicate significant differences between means at a 5% level of significance.
