Figure 1.

Whole-Cell Recordings during Visuomotor Coupling and Mismatch

(A) Schematic of whole-cell recordings at the L2/3 depth and of the visuomotor virtual reality setup.

(B) Mice were habituated on the setup for 5 to 7 days before whole-cell recording experiments. Experiments consisted of an initial closed-loop phase, during which visual flow feedback was coupled to locomotion interspersed with visual flow halts (mismatches). In a second open-loop phase, visual flow was presented in 1 s pulses of visual flow independent of locomotion.

(C) Example V_m trace (black) from a depolarizing mismatch (dMM) neuron. Dotted lines indicate 0 cm/s. Visuomotor mismatch events are marked by an orange bar and shading.

(D) Average V_m response (top) and firing rate histogram (bottom) for mismatch trials for the example neuron shown in (C) (averaged over 45 mismatch events). Shading indicates SEM. The value in gray bold italics indicates the mean pre-stimulus voltage.

(E) As in (C), but for a neuron with a hyperpolarizing mismatch (hMM) response.

(F) Average V_m response to mismatch for the example neuron in (E). Shading indicates SEM over 15 trials. The value in gray bold italics indicates the mean pre-stimulus voltage. This neuron did not show spontaneous spikes, so the spike histogram is omitted.