HES1, but not HES4, induces stem cell maintenance and quiescence in CD34+ cells. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of control, ICN1-, HES1- and HES4-transduced CB CD34+Lin– precursors cultured on the OP9-DLL4 feeder for 2 weeks in the presence of the T-lineage specific cytokines IL-7, SCF and FLT3L, showing the maintenance of CD34+ HPC. Plots shown are representative of six independent experiments. (B-C) Frequency (B) and absolute numbers (C) of CD34+ cells maintained in corresponding cultures shown in (A). Data shows the average of six independent experiments. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM). *P<0.05 (non-parametric paired Wilcoxon test); ns: not significant. (D) Flow cytometry analysis of control (grey), HES1 (black)- and HES4 (red)-transduced CB CD34+Lin– HPC cultured on the OP9-DLL4 feeder for 2 weeks in the presence of the T-lineage supporting cytokines IL-7, SCF and FLT3L, showing proliferation as measured by the dilution of the CellTrace Violet dye at indicated time points.