Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, management and outcomes of the COVID19 cohort
| All patients (n = 101) |
Early bacterial coinfection (n = 20) |
No early bacterial coinfection (n = 81) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 61 [53–69] | 60 [53.8–63.5] | 63 [53–71] | 0.24 |
| Sex male | 79 (78.2) | 17 (85) | 62 (76.5) | 0.55 |
| Current smoking | 4 (4) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (3.7) | 0.57 |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 27.6 [24.5–31] | 26.5 [24.4–29.8] | 27.7 [24.8–31] | 0.76 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| None | 14 (13.9) | 2 (10) | 12 (14.8) | 0.73 |
| Arterial hypertension | 66 (65.3) | 14 (70) | 52 (64.2) | 0.63 |
| Coronary heart disease | 14 (13.9) | 1 (5) | 13 (16) | 0.29 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (6.9) | 1 (5) | 6 (7.4) | 0.99 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 4 (4) | 0 | 4 (4.9) | 0.58 |
| Previous venous thromboembolism | 3 (3) | 0 | 3 (3.7) | 0.99 |
| Diabetes | 33 (32.7) | 6 (30) | 27 (33.3) | 0.78 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 7 (6.9) | 1 (5) | 6 (7.4) | 0.99 |
| Cancer or hematologic malignancy | 4 (4) | 0 | 4 (4.9) | 0.58 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 21 (20.8) | 4 (20) | 17 (21) | 0.99 |
| Chronic dialysis | 9 (8.9) | 0 | 9 (11.1) | 0.20 |
| Long-term antiplatelet treatment | 23 (22.8) | 2 (10) | 21 (25.9) | 0.15 |
| Long-term anticoagulation | 4 (4) | 0 | 4 (4.9) | 0.58 |
| Long-term corticosteroids | 9 (8.9) | 1 (5) | 8 (9.9) | 0.68 |
| Medication before ICU admission | ||||
| NSAIDs | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Corticosteroids | 1 (9.9) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 0.99 |
| Immunomodulatory therapy† | 11 (10.9) | 3 (15) | 8 (9.9) | 0.45 |
| Antibiotics | 58 (57.4) | 10 (50) | 48 (59.3) | 0.45 |
| Time between symptoms onset and ICU admission (days) | 8 [5.5–11] | 8 [5.5–10] | 8 [5.8–11.3] | 0.68 |
| Time between ward admission and ICU referral (days) | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–2.3] | 1 [0–2] | 0.44 |
| SOFA score | 3 [2–5] | 4 [2.8–6.3] | 3 [2–5] | 0.10 |
| SAPSII score | 27 [22–37] | 26.5 [19–41] | 27 [24–37] | 0.92 |
| Biological parameters, day 1 | ||||
| WBC, G/L | 7.5 [6.1–10.5] | 7 [6–11.4] | 7.5 [6.1–10] | 0.76 |
| Neutrophil, G/L | 6.3 [4.9–8.9] | 6.2 [4.8–10.1] | 6.3 [4.9–8] | 0.94 |
| Lymphocyte, G/L | 0.75 [0.5–1.1] | 0.58 [0.4–0.8] | 0.76 [0.52–1.1] | 0.08 |
| Platelet, G/L | 211 [151–262] | 192 [145–255] | 214 [155–262] | 0.39 |
| CRP, mg/L | 184 [119–271] | 177 [87–274] | 189 [126–266] | 0.44 |
| Procalcitonin, µg/L | 0.73 [0.3–2.07] | 0.73 [0.48–1.52] | 0.73 [0.3–2.61] | 0.91 |
| Organ support during ICU stay | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 83 (82.2) | 19 (95) | 64 (79) | 0.11 |
| Vasopressor | 54 (53.5) | 11 (55) | 43 (53.1) | 0.88 |
| ECMO | 5 (5) | 0 | 5 (6.2) | 0.58 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 26 (25.7) | 5 (25) | 21 (25.9) | 0.93 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Died | 21 (21) | 4 (20) | 17 (21) | 0.99 |
| Discharged from ICU to conventional wards | 51 (50.4) | 11 (55) | 40 (49.4) | 0.65 |
| Long term acute care units | 17 (16.8) | 5 (25) | 12 (14.8) | 0.32 |
| Still in the ICU | 12 (11.9) | 0 | 12 (14.8) | 0.12 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 14 [6–26] | 14 [8.8–23] | 14 [5–27] | 0.98 |
Data are reported using frequencies and percentages or median and interquartile ranges [IQRs], unless otherwise stated
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
†Immunomodulatory therapy administered were Anakinra (n = 1) and Tocilizumab (n = 10)