Fig. 1.

(a) Schematic of two parallel modified Robbin’s devices, showing a specimen set of plugs on which the biofilm is allowed to grow. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [19]. (b) Cross-sectional (top) and top view (bottom) of a Calgary biofilm device. The figure on the top shows the pegs on which the biofilm grows as the channels below are used to flow nutrients. The bottom figure illustrates the pegs in a 12x8 array compatible with a 96-well plate. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [15]. (c) Photograph of a CDC biofilm reactor (CBR). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [59].