Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources logoLink to Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources
. 2017 Nov 9;2(2):808–809. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1398616

Complete mitogenome of tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Anshun, Guizhou Province in China

Jian-Hong Liu 1,*,✉, Cui-Ying Sun 1,*, Ju Long 1, Jian-Jun Guo 1
PMCID: PMC7799657  PMID: 33473990

Abstract

Tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is one of the most serious pest insects in tea plantations in Asia. In this study, Mitogenome of this species was assembled with high coverage using Illumina sequencing data and the 15,167 bp length was acquired. The base composition is 38.1% for A, 11.2% for C, 10.5% for G, and 40.2% for T. The mitogenome includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogeny showed that it is closely related to E. vitis with high bootstrap value supported. The complete mitogenome of E. onukii can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis.

Keywords: Empoasca onukii, mitogenome, molecular phylogeny

Tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is native to Asia, the Indian subcontinent and it is today cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate regions across the world. Tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Massuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is one of the most serious pest insects in tea plantations in Asia (Qin et al. 2015; Shi et al. 2017). Nymph and adult of E. onukii sucks sap from young tea shoots and leaves and female adults lay their eggs into the branches, causing damage called hopperburn (Muraleedharan and Chen 1997). Occurrence generations for this species were dependent on climatic conditions and 9–17 generations were detected every year in different areas in China. The peaks for population normally occur in June and September, resulting in serious loss of tea production (Shi et al. 2014, 2015). Considering the pest’s economic importance in agriculture, it is essential to identify the complete mitochondrial genome and the related phylogeny.

Samples were collected from tea plants by sweep net from Pingba district (26.41°N, 106.25°E) of Anshun city, Guizhou Province of southwest China during tea green leafhopper occurrence. Specimens were preserved in absolute alcohol and deposited in Key Laboratory of Insect Information Systems and Resource Development and Utilization of Guizhou Province, School of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China. Genomic DNA was extracted following the manufacturer’s instruction in the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) for insect tissue. Sequencing was conducted using the Illumina HiSeq platform (San Diego, CA). The sequence was preliminarily aligned within the CLUSTAL X program in BioEdit software (Thompson et al. 1997; Hall 1999). Protein-coding genes (PCGs), rRNA, and tRNA genes were predicted by using MITOS tools (Bernt et al. 2013).

The complete mitogenome of P. dives is 15,167 bp long in size (GenBank MG190360). The base composition is 38.1% for A, 11.2% for C, 10.5% for G, and 40.2% for T. Complete mitogenome of E. onukii contains 13 PCGs, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and a major non-coding region known as the CR (control region). J-strand codes nine PCGs (NAD2-3, NAD6, COX1-3, CYTB, ATP6, and ATP8) and 14 tRNAs, while N-strand codes four PCGs (NAD1, NAD4, NAD4l, and NAD5), eight tRNAs, and two rRNAs (16S rRNA and 12S rRNA). Gene arrangement of mitogenome for E. onukii is identical to the most common type of the putative ancestor of insects (Boore 1999; Cameron 2014).

To validate the phylogenetic position, the mitogenomes of 19 species in suborder Auchenorrhyncha of Hemiptera order and an outgroup Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were clustered together with E. onukii to construct ML tree by using the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model in MEGA 7 software (Tamura and Nei 1993; Kumar et al. 2016). The tree inferred from 500 replicates was taken to represent the phylogeny of the species analysed in this study (Felsenstein 1985). Result indicated that E. onukii was closely related to E. vitis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with high bootstrap value supported (Figure 1). Furthermore, three clades were correctly identified as assigned and monophyletic family Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, and Cercopidae with high bootstrap confidence (Figure 1). In conclusion, the mitochondrial genome of E. onukii deduced in present study can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis.

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Open in a new tab

Molecular phylogeny of tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii (GenBank MG190360) and the related species in order Hemiptera based on complete mitogenome. Phylogenic tree is constructed by maximum likelihood method with 500 bootstrap replicates. Genbank accession number for tree construction is listed before the scientific name of species. The position of E. onukii is marked in solid diamond shape.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest and are responsible for the content and writing of the manuscript.

References

  1. Bernt M, Donath A, Juhling F, Externbrink F, Florentz C, Fritzsch G, Putz J, Middendorf M, Stadler PF.. 2013. MITOS: improved de novo metazoan mitochondrial genome annotation. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 69:313–319. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Boore JL. 1999. Animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 27:1767–1780. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cameron SL. 2014. Insect mitochondrial genomics: implications for evolution and phylogeny. Annu Rev Entomol. 59:95–117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution. 39:783–791. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 41:95–98. [Google Scholar]
  6. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K.. 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 33:1870–1874. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Muraleedharan N, Chen Z.. 1997. Pests and diseases of tea and their management. J Plant Crops. 25:15–43. [Google Scholar]
  8. Qin D, Zhang L, Xiao Q, Dietrich C, Matsumura M.. 2015. Clarification of the identity of the tea green leafhopper based on morphological comparison between Chinese and Japanese specimens. PLoS One. 10:e0139202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Shi L, Vasseur L, Huang H, Zeng Z, Hu G, Liu X.. 2017. Adult tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii (Matsuda), change behaviors under varying light conditions. PLoS One. 12:e0168439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Shi LQ, Lin MZ, Chen LL, Lin MQ, Vasseur L, You MS.. 2014. Changing the specific name of tea green leafhoppers in major tea plantations in Fujian Province, China. J Fujian Agric Forestry Univ (Nat Sci Ed). 43:456–459. [Google Scholar]
  11. Shi LQ, Zeng ZH, Huang HS, Zhou YM, Vasseur L, You MS.. 2015. Identification of Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and monitoring of its populations in the tea plantations of south China. J Econ Entomol. 108:1025–1033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Tamura K, Nei M.. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 10:512–526. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG.. 1997. The clustal X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4876–4882. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES