Figure 2.

The effect of amino acids on the growth of strains overexpressing amino acid transporters. BY4709 carrying the empty plasmid pRSII426 was used as a control. All proteins were expressed from the constitutive ADH1 promoter with a C-terminal YPet tag. Heat maps show cell density (OD₆₀₀) after 24 h, normalized such that the same strain in YNBD minimal media without amino acids = 1. Raw values are given in Figure S4. The proteinogenic amino acids are represented by their single letter code (see Table 4). Orn = ornithine, Cit = citrulline, SC = synthetic complete media minus uracil. Amino acids were added at final concentrations of 0.5, 1, or 5 mM. Thick black boxes indicate reported substrates for each transporter (for references, see Table 1). Asterisks (*) indicate p < 0.05 when compared to growth in YNBD (t-test).