Table 2.
Association between caregivers’ health promotion behaviour (HPB) and children’s FV intake and nutrition knowledge, at baseline (T0).
| Total FV Intake, g/Day/Student | Nutrition Knowledge, Score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caregivers’ HPB | Na (%) | Mean (SD) | B b | Mean (SD) | B b |
| FV provision | 1382 | ||||
| Never | 164 (12) | 214 (220) | ref | 2.79 (0.829) | ref |
| 1/week | 138 (10) | 307 (266) | 93 ** | 2.94 (0.735) | 0.15 ** |
| 2–3/week | 177 (13) | 357 (291) | 143 ** | 2.90 (0.818) | 0.11 ** |
| 3–4/week | 269 (19) | 333 (272) | 119 ** | 3.10 (0.773) | 0.31 ** |
| Every day | 634 (46) | 357 (257) | 143 ** | 3.04 (0.825) | 0.25 ** |
| SSBs provision | 1367 | ||||
| Never | 552 (40) | 343 (283) | ref | 3.03 (0.798) | ref |
| 1/week | 156 (12) | 402 (249) | 59 ** | 3.01 (0.815) | −0.02 |
| 2–3/week | 139 (10) | 383 (278) | 40 | 3.01 (0.727) | −0.02 |
| 3–4/week | 110 (8) | 350 (274) | 7 | 3.05 (0.827) | 0.02 |
| Every day | 410 (30) | 268 (228) | −75 ** | 2.91 (0.857) | −0.12 ** |
| Sweets provision | 1373 | ||||
| Never | 455 (33) | 334 (254) | ref | 3.08 (0.816) | ref |
| 1/week | 340 (25) | 364 (285) | 30 * | 2.95 (0.781) | −0.13 ** |
| 2–3/week | 253 (18) | 357 (260) | 23 | 2.99 (0.792) | −0.09 * |
| 3–4/week | 147 (11) | 299 (253) | −35 | 3.03 (0.789) | −0.05 |
| Every day | 178 (13) | 255 (262) | −79 ** | 2.80 (0.876) | −0.28 ** |
| Help with cooking | 1374 | ||||
| Never | 157 (11) | 261 (231) | ref | 2.77 (0.832) | ref |
| Sometimes | 746 (54) | 304 (243) | 43 * | 2.98 (0.833) | 0.21 ** |
| 1/week | 106 (8) | 374 (280) | 113 ** | 3.17 (0.663) | 0.40 ** |
| 2–3/week | 130 (10) | 414 (303) | 153 ** | 3.31 (0.718) | 0.54 ** |
| 3–4/week | 78 (6) | 370 (285) | 109 ** | 3.03 (0.796) | 0.26 * |
| Every day | 157 (11) | 396 (307) | 135 ** | 2.85 (0.755) | 0.08 |
| Talking about food | 1377 | ||||
| No | 300 (22) | 270 (244) | ref | 2.76 (0.818) | ref |
| Sometimes | 747 (54) | 326 (264) | 56 ** | 3.00 (0.800) | 0.24 ** |
| Yes | 330 (24) | 396 (275) | 126 ** | 3.16 (0.793) | 0.40 ** |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. a = N is number of students; b = B indicates the difference in FV intake or nutrition knowledge for the HPB variables, compared to the reference (unstandardised).