Table 2.
Patient Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics.
| Patient Characteristics | Mean Early CKD (Group 1) | SD | Mean Late CKD (Group 2) | SD | p-Value (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) | p-Value (Welch Two Sample t-Test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.24 | 10.22 | 72.68 | 10.21 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Male (%) | 80.70 | 19.30 | 0.09 | |||
| Type of Diabetes | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.22 |
| Type 1 (%) | 86.67 | 13.33 | ||||
| Type 2 (%) | 70.89 | 29.11 | ||||
| Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (%) | 100.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Duration of Diabetes (years) | 18.81 | 11.63 | 21.00 | 10.99 | 0.32 | 0.41 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy (%) | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| Cardiovascular Disease (%) | 57.89 | 42.11 | 0.09 | |||
| Stroke/Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA%) | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.92 | 0.91 |
| Anxiety | 6.77 | 4.22 | 8.32 | 4.98 | 0.30 | 0.17 |
| Depression | 5.64 | 3.67 | 7.00 | 3.74 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
| Smoking quantity pack_year | 9.83 | 13.12 | 6.60 | 11.70 | 0.22 | 0.26 |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.32 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
| Non-smoker (%) | 67.86 | 32.14 | ||||
| Ex-smoker (%) | 82.35 | 17.65 | ||||
| Current-smoker (%) | 80.00 | 20.00 | ||||
| Body Mass Index (BMI)(kg/m2) | 29.64 | 7.46 | 30.12 | 5.23 | 0.40 | 0.73 |
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) | 127.83 | 27.37 | 135.04 | 29.32 | 0.74 | 0.29 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg) | 73.30 | 15.91 | 71.72 | 9.86 | 0.21 | 0.57 |
| Haemoglobin (Hb) (g/L) | 132.66 | 16.92 | 117.72 | 12.72 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Estimated glomerular filteration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 67.51 | 13.68 | 24.48 | 10.68 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (%) | 7.68 | 1.95 | 6.86 | 3.35 | 0.62 | 0.25 |
| Urine Albumin/Creatinine ratio (ACR) | 3.37 | 10.52 | 33.65 | 122.81 | 0.97 | 0.23 |
| Urine Protein/Creatinine ratio (PCR) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.99 | 0.15 |