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Aβ formation: the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein of the neuronal cell. In the case when it is cleaved by α-secretase, the formed soluble aggregates can be digested by microglial cells. When APP is cleaved by β-secretase and γ-secretase, it leads to formation of Aβ insoluble aggregates. Such protein aggregation results in amyloid plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD.
