Table 1.

Inhibitory activities of compounds 3–5 against human AR and human PTP1B, expressed as IC₅₀ ^a.

	X	R	Ar	AR IC50 (µM)	PTP1B IC50 (µM)
3a	O	(CH2)2COOH	3-OC6H5-C6H4	11.9 ± 0.9	79% at 50 µM
3b	O	(CH2)2COOH	4-OC6H5-C6H4	43.8 ± 7.1	56% at 50 µM
3c	O	(CH2)2COOH	3-OCH2C6H5-C6H4	14.3 ± 1.0	76% at 50 µM
3d	O	(CH2)2COOH	4-OCH2C6H5-C6H4	35.7 ± 3.0	77% at 50 µM
3e	O	(CH2)2COOH	3-OCH2CH2C6H5-C6H4	27.9 ± 3.1	64% at 50 µM
3f	O	(CH2)2COOH	4-OCH2CH2C6H5-C6H4	50.2 ± 4.6	46% at 50 µM
4a	S	(CH2)2COOH	3-OC6H5-C6H4	2.2 ± 0.1	34.1 ± 0.5
4b	S	(CH2)2COOH	4-OC6H5-C6H4	7.6 ± 0.6	29.5 ± 0.4
4c	S	(CH2)2COOH	3-OCH2C6H5-C6H4	3.8 ± 0.1	42.8 ± 0.7
4d	S	(CH2)2COOH	4-OCH2C6H5-C6H4	8.4 ± 0.7	34.9 ± 0.7
4e	S	(CH2)2COOH	3-OCH2CH2C6H5-C6H4	2.3 ± 0.1	55.5 ± 0.8
4f	S	(CH2)2COOH	4-OCH2CH2C6H5-C6H4	5.3 ± 0.4	12.7 ± 0.3
5a	O	CH2CH=CHCOOH	3-OC6H5-C6H4	3.9 ± 0.2	42.1 ± 0.3
5b	O	CH2CH=CHCOOH	4-OC6H5-C6H4	84% at 10 µM	39.7 ± 0.1
5c	O	CH2CH=CHCOOH	4-C6H5-C6H4	88% at 5 µM	34.8 ± 0.5
5d	O	CH2CH=CHCOOH	1-naphthyl	3.7 ± 0.2	40.3 ± 0.5
5e	O	CH2CH=CHCOOH	2-naphthyl	86% at 10 µM	37.1 ± 0.4
Epalrestat				0.102 ± 0.005
Vanadate					0.4 ± 0.01

^a IC₅₀ (µM) or % enzyme residual activity at the indicated concentration. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M (see methods for details).