Table 2.
Adjusted mean (95% CI) levels of trans fatty acid (TFA; % TEI) intake by gender, region, body mass index (BMI), international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) score, education, income, and employment for different age groups.
| Variable | Adolescents (10–17 years) | Adults (18–64 years) | Elderly (65–74 years) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Adjusted | n (%) | Adjusted | n (%) | Adjusted | ||
| Overall | 468 (37.5) | 364 (29.2) | 416 (33.3) | ||||
| Sex | Male | 238 (50.9) | 0.35 (0.33–0.36) | 173 (47.5) | 0.39 (0.35–0.42) | 213 (51.2) | 0.46 (0.43–0.49) |
| Female | 230 (49.1) | 0.41 (0.40–0.43) | 191 (52.5) | 0.47 (0.44–0.51) | 203 (48.8) | 0.54 (0.50–0.57) | |
| Place of living | Rural | 270 (57.7) | 0.37 (0.37–0.39) | 202 (55.5) | 0.41 (0.38–0.45) | 229 (55.1) | 0.48 (0.45–0.51) |
| Intermediate | 76 (16.2) | 0.37 (0.34–0.39) | 56 (15.4) | 0.47 (0.40–0.53) | 71 (17.1) | 0.51 (0.46–0.56) | |
| Urban | 122 (26.1) | 0.40 (0.38–0.42) | 106 (29.1) | 0.45 (0.40–0.49) | 116 (27.9) | 0.52 (0.48–0.57) | |
| Education | No university degree | - | - | 249 (68.4) | 0.44 (0.41–0.47) | 342 (82.2) | 0.50 (0.48–0.53) |
| University degree | 115 (31.6) | 0.42 (0.38–0.47) | 74 (17.8) | 0.48 (0.43–0.54) | |||
| Family net income | Below average | - | - | 118 (38.4) | 0.44 (0.40–0.48) | 269 (71.5) | 0.51 (0.48–0.54) |
| Above average | 189 (61.6) | 0.43 (0.40–0.46) | 107 (28.5) | 0.47 (0.43–0.51) | |||
| BMI | Normal | 301 (64.3) | 0.37 (0.36–0.38) | 148 (40.7) | 0.40 (0.36–0.44) | 108 (26.0) | 0.51 (0.47–0.55) |
| Overweight/obese | 167 (35.7) | 0.39 (0.38–0.41) | 216 (59.3) | 0.46 (0.42–0.49) | 308 (74.0) | 0.50 (0.47–0.52) | |
| IPAQ | Low intensity | 108 (23.3) | 0.37 (0.35–0.39) | 127 (35.3) | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) | 137 (33.4) | 0.49 (0.46–0.53) |
| Moderate | 141 (30.5) | 0.39 (0.38–0.41) | 108 (30.0) | 0.45(0.41–0.50) | 133 (32.4) | 0.52 (0.48–0.55) | |
| High intensity | 214 (46.2) | 0.38 (0.36–0.39) | 125 (34.7) | 0.44 (0.39–0.48) | 140 (34.2) | 0.49 (0.45–0.52) | |
| Employment | Employed | - | - | 226 (62.1) | 0.42 (0.39–0.45) | - | - |
| Unemployed | 42 (11.5) | 0.40 (0.33–0.48) | |||||
| Student | 32 (8.8) | 0.43 (0.34–0.52) | |||||
| Retired | 64 (17.6) | 0.50 (0.44–0.56) | |||||
Note: Body mass index (BMI) was considered as normal below 25 kg/m2, except for adolescents, where gender/age adjusted cut-off points [18,19] were used. Linear regression analysis conducted on samples with excluded missing values (family net income: n = 57 (adults) and 40 (elderly); IPAQ: n = 5 (adolescents), 4 (adults), 6 (elderly)); identified predictors accounting for difference in the %TEI from TFA: p < 0.001 sex (adolescents), p < 0.001 sex (adults), p = 0.0402 BMI (adults), p < 0.001 sex (elderly).