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. 2021 Jan 14;11(1):52. doi: 10.3390/metabo11010052

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of lipid synthesis pathways in C. elegans (adapted with permission from [143]). Genes colored in red are known to induce the UPR-ER when inactivated. Abbreviations: CDP-Cho: cytidine diphosphate choline; CDP-DAG: cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol; CL: cardiolipin; CoA: coenzyme A; DAG: diacylglycerol; elo-1/-2: fatty acid elongation; Etn: ethanolamine; FA: fatty acid; fah-1: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase; fat-6/-7: fatty acid desaturase 6/7; G3P: glucose-3 phosphate; hgo-1: homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A; hmgr-1: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase; hmgs-1: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; LPA: lysophosphatidic acid; lpin-1: lipin (mammalian lipodystrophy associated) homolog; PA: phosphatidic acid; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; P-Etn: phosphoethanolamine; PG: phosphatidylglycerol; PI: phosphatidylinositol; pmt-2: phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase; PP: pyrophosphate; PS: phosphatidylserine; Ser: serine; SAM: S-adenosyl methionine; sams-1: S-adenosyl methionine synthetase; TAG: triacylglycerol. (Created with BioRender.com, Toronto, ON, Canada).