Critical importance of the interface between the bacteria and host cytosol. HeLa cells were infected with C. trachomatis LGV2. At 12 hpi cells were treated IFN-γ, Ad/EHNA (adenosine) or nigericin and incubated for a further 12 h. At 24 hpi, cells were incubated with APG-2 and DNA probe (DRAQ-5, magenta) and imaged using confocal microscopy (left panels). Scale bars: 5 µm. Image analyses allowed the comparison of the average APG-2 intensity in the cytoplasm (cyto), reticulate bodies (RB) and inclusion lumen (IL), and a ratio determined (right panels). Black column: non-treated, white column: treated. Error bars: standard deviation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005.