Table 3.

Prospective associations of plasma TMAO with the risk of graft failure in renal transplant recipients.

	TMAO Per 1 SD Increment		Tertile 1 (0.21–3.92)	Tertile 2 (3.93–8.07)		Tertile 3 (8.07–154.3)
Participants, n	448		147	149		152
Events, n	58		6	14		38
	HR [95% CI]	p-value		HR [95% CI]	p-value	HR [95% CI]	p-value
Crude Model	2.22 [1.73; 2.84]	<0.001	(ref)	2.41 [0.93; 6.27]	0.07	7.62 [3.22; 18.03]	<0.001
Model 1	2.20 [1.73; 2.80]	<0.001	(ref)	2.54 [0.97; 6.62]	0.06	8.17 [3.44; 19.43]	<0.001
Model 2	2.27 [1.64; 3.14]	<0.001	(ref)	1.73 [0.60; 4.95]	0.31	5.41 [2.17; 13.48]	<0.001
Model 3	1.39 [1.01; 1.91]	0.04	(ref)	2.06 [0.75; 5.70]	0.16	3.01 [1.10; 8.26]	0.03
Model 4	2.86 [2.13; 3.83]	<0.001	(ref)	2.02 [0.73; 5.57]	0.17	9.15 [3.79; 22.04]	<0.001

Data are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-values. Model 1: Model adjusted for age + sex. Model 2: Model 1 + pre-emptive transplantation + donor type + T2D + smoking + alcohol consumption + immunosuppressive medication (tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and prednisolone) + HLA-A, -B + HLA-DR. Model 3: Model 1 + BMI + Systolic Blood Pressure + HDL-C + TG + TC + UAE + CKD stage. Model 4: Model 1 + vegetable intake + meat intake + fish and seafood intake + egg intake. Abbreviations: T2D, type 2 diabetes; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; UAE, urine albumin excretion; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.