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Emergence of APOBEC proteins. Branch length is not drawn to timescale. Question marks for A4 protein represent a lack of concrete evidence at the divergence of amphibians (Rogozin et al., 2005) and putative evidence in algae species (Krishnan et al., 2018). Block for A2 represents uncertainty on emergence prior to protostome - deuterostome split. A1 and A3 both arose from duplication of AID.
