Table 1.

Overview of APOBEC family proteins.

Name	Taxonomic Emergence	Evolutionary Pressure	Deaminase Domains (active)	Cellular Localizationa	Preferred target Sequence (principally defined in ssDNA)
A1	Chordata	Multimodal (all mammals), purifying (whole gene), positive (sliding window)	1	n/C	5′-AC-3′
AID	Deuterostomes	Purifying	1	n/C	5′-WRC-3′
A2	Bony vertebrates (Euteleostomi)	Positive	?	N/C	?
A4	LECA?	?	?	?	?
A3Z1	Placental Mammals	Multimodal	1	?	?
A3Z2	Placental Mammals	Multimodal	1	?	?
A3Z3	Placental Mammals	Multimodal	1	?	?
A3A	Primates	Purifying	1 (N-A3Z1-C)	N/C	5′-TC-3′
A3B	Primates	Positive	2 (N-A3Z2-A3Z1-C)	N	5′-TC-3′
A3C	Primates	Positive (sliding window)	1 (N-A3Z2-C)	N/C	5′-TC-3′
A3D	Primates	Positive	2 (N-A3Z2-A3Z2-C)	C	5′-TC-3′
A3F	Primates	Positive (sliding window)	2 (N-A3Z2-A3Z2-C)	C	5′-TC-3′
A3G	Primates	Positive	2 (N-A3Z2-A3Z1-C)	C	5′-CC-3′
A3H	Primates	Unclear	1 (N-A3Z3-C)	N/C	5′-TC-3′

^aAdapted from Salter et al. (2016). C, predominantly cytoplasmic; n/C, can traffic to nucleus but predominantly cytoplasmic; N/C, even localization; N, predominantly nuclear.