Table 1.
Comparison of baseline (Wave 1) characteristics between the two mean motor response time (MRT) groups.
| Mean MRT < 250 ms (N = 1982) |
Mean MRT ≥ 250 ms (N = 1397) |
P for difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean MRT, milliseconds (SD) | 189.1 (37.1) | 348.3 (130.4) | < 0.001* |
| Mean TUG, seconds (SD) | 8.1 (1.6) | 9.0 (2.2) | < 0.001* |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 58.9 (7.4) | 63.9 (8.7) | < 0.001* |
| Female Sex (%) | 52.0% | 60.6% | < 0.001^ |
| Mean height, cm (SD) | 167.4 (8.7) | 164.8 (8.9) | < 0.001* |
| Mean BMI, Kg/m2 (SD) | 28.2 (4.4) | 28.4 (4.5) | 0.065* |
| Mean education score (SD) | 4.2 (1.6) | 3.8 (1.5) | < 0.001* |
| Highest education level attained (%): | |||
| Less than primary | 1.3% | 2.2% | 0.044^ |
| Primary | 13.5% | 22.7% | < 0.001^ |
| Secondary | 62.4% | 59.7% | 0.120^ |
| Primary university degree | 13.2% | 10.3% | 0.009^ |
| Postgraduate | 9.6% | 5.2% | < 0.001^ |
| Mean MMSE score (SD) | 29.0 (1.3) | 28.5 (1.7) | < 0.001* |
| Mean CESD score (SD) | 5.4 (6.8) | 5.2 (6.6) | 0.314* |
| Mean HADS-A score (SD) | 5.5 (3.5) | 5.2 (3.5) | 0.073* |
| Poor self-rated vision or legally blind (%) | 0.7% | 1.1% | 0.254^ |
| Poor self-rated hearing (%) | 1.1% | 2.3% | 0.005^ |
| Hypertension (%) | 29.5% | 36.8% | < 0.001^ |
| Ischaemic heart disease (angina or heart attack) (%) | 5.5% | 7.1% | 0.059^ |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 0.6% | 1.1% | 0.132^ |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.1% | 7.0% | 0.020^ |
| Stroke or ‘mini-stroke’ (TIA) (%) | 1.6% | 4.3% | < 0.001^ |
| Taking any antipsychotic (%) | 0.7% | 1.8% | 0.004^ |
| Taking any antidepressant (%) | 4.1% | 7.2% | < 0.001^ |
| Polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) (%) | 4.3% | 8.7% | < 0.001^ |
MRT = motor response time; TUG: Time Up and Go; BMI = Body mass index; MMSE = Mini-mental state examination; CESD = Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; HADS-A = Hospital anxiety and depression scale – anxiety subscale; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; SD: standard deviation.
⁎
2-sided Mann-Whitney U test;.
^
Chi-square test.