Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles

Yuanzheng Wu; Jishun Li; Hyun-Jae Shin

doi:10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0

. 2021 Feb 10;26(1):25–38. doi: 10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0

Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles

Yuanzheng Wu ¹, Jishun Li ¹, Hyun-Jae Shin ^2,^✉

PMCID: PMC7872722 PMID: 33584104

Abstract

Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical manipulation for displaying of targeted moieties together with encapsulation of various payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. The drug delivery system based on VNPs offer diverse advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high uptake capability. Here we summarize the recent progress of VNPs especially as targeted anticancer vehicles from the encapsulation and surface modification mechanisms, involved viruses and VNPs, to their application potentials.

Keywords: viral nanoparticles (VNPs), self-assembly, anticancer, drug delivery, nanotechnology

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (International Science and Technology Cooperation, Grant No. 2019GHZ033), International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shandong Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2019GHPY05).

Nomenclature

AAV: adeno-associated virus
Ad: adenovirus
AlDox: aldoxorubicin
ASGPRs: asialoglycoprotein receptors
Apf: apoferritin
biRNA: bifunctional linker RNA
βlac: β-lactamase
BPC: 9-biphenylcarbonyl
BSA: bovine serum albumin
CCMV: cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
CPMV: cowpea mosaic virus
CT: computed tomography
CuAAC: copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition
DOC: docetaxel
DOX: doxorubicin
E1A: early 1 A adenoviral
EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein
EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor
FA: folic acid
Fah: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
GBM: glioblastoma multiforme
GM-CSF: granulocyte-macro-phage colony-stimulating factor
HBV: hepatitis B virus
HCC: human hepatocellular carcinoma
HepG2: human hepatocellular carcinomas
HER: human epidermal receptor
HPV: human papillomavirus
Hsps: heat shock proteins
HSV: herpes simplex virus
ICP6: infected cell protein 6
MCF7: Michigan cancer foundation-7
MHC: major histocompatibility complex
Mo-MLV: Moloney murine leukemia virus
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
MTO: mitoxantrone
MV: measles virus
NDV: Newcastle disease virus
NHS: N-hydroxysuccinimide
NIR: near-infrared
NIS: sodium-iodide symporter
NPs: nanoparticles
NSP10: nonstructural protein 10
OVs: oncolytic viruses
PAA: polyacrylamide
PEG: polyethylene glycol
PET: positron emission tomography
PhenPt: phenanthriplatin
PSeD: selenocompound
PVX: potato virus X
RCNMV: red clover necrotic mosaic virus
SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome
scFv: single-chain antibody variable fragment
SeMV: sesbania mosaic virus
siRNA: small interfering RNA
tHBcAg: truncated hepatitis B virus core antigen
TMV: tobacco mosaic virus
VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
VLPs: virus-like particles
VNPs: viral nanoparticles

Footnotes

Ethical Statements

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Neither ethical approval nor informed consent was required for this study.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles

Yuanzheng Wu

Jishun Li

Hyun-Jae Shin

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Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles

Yuanzheng Wu

Jishun Li

Hyun-Jae Shin

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Nomenclature

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