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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroradiology. 2020 Aug 20;63(3):381–389. doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02525-6

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Image processing and measurement of tortuosity.

(A) Segmentation was performed using cranio-cervical CT angiogram.

(B) A 3D reconstruction was obtained including aortic arch, bilateral common and internal carotid arteries (ICA) till ICA bifurcation with length of different segments.

(C) Tortuosity index being taken bilaterally for the following 3 segments: common carotid artery, cervical ICA and intracranial ICA.

(D) A center line was obtained and exported to SolidWorks software(Dassault Systemes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France)..

(E) Angle of each curve was calculated on SolidWorks (Dassault Systemes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France).