Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of the MS patients and healthy subjects
| HS a | Patients b | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| MS | MS/MDD | ||
| No. of subjects (n) | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Gender, female/male (n) | 15/10 | 15/10 | 15/10 |
| Age [(years), mean ±SD] | 37.8 ± 10.3 | 39 ± 13 | 36.2 ± 13.1 |
| Disease duration [(years), mean ±SD] c | NA g | 7.9 ± 5.5 | 9.3 ± 6.1 |
| EDSS [median (range)] d | NA | 3 (0‐4.5) | 4 (0‐5.5) |
| BDI f (%) | |||
| Mild | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| Severe | 0 | 0 | 56 |
| Treatment time with DMTs [years (range)] e | NA | 2.7 (1–7.3) | 2.3 (1–5.8) |
Data from healthy subjects.
Data from relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with (MS/MDD) or without (MS) major depressive disorder (MDD) in remission phase. Age (years) refers to age when the blood samples were collected.
Disease duration refers to the number of years since disease onset.
EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale.
Severity of depressive symptoms was determined according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Treatment time in years with disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) [natalizumab (n = 7 MS and 8 MS/MDD), dimethyl fumarate (n = 7 MS and n = 7 MS/MDD), fingolimod (n = 05 MS and n = 6 MS/MDD) and glatiramer acetate (n = 5 MS and n = 5 MS/MDD)].
Not analysed.