Figure 7.
Conceptual illustration on cell orchestrated processes favoring virus multiplication on joint IBRV infection and CAP exposure. By imposing cellular redox stress, CAP triggers DNA damage signaling that leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and enhanced selective autophagy including mitophagy. CAP could also induce lipid peroxidation that is accompanied with Ca2+ influx and decreased cell membrane potential. While these alterations prepared favorable intracellular environment for virus multiplication, CAP suppresses immunogenic signaling to protect host cells from immune recognition that establishes a homeostatic and friendly extracellular environment for virus to propagate