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. 2020 Nov 23;26(1-2):38–51. doi: 10.1007/s10495-020-01648-8

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2024

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — HepG2-conditioned medium protects against Raptinal-induced apoptosis. a HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of Raptinal for 1.5 h and caspase 3/7 activity was measured. Data is normalized to 0 µM Raptinal (vehicle, 0.1% DMSO) condition. Shown are the mean ± SD of a representative experiment (N = 2). One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison (Tukey) with ***p < 0.001, ns; not significant. b HepG2 cells were pre-incubated with the conditioned media for 1 h and thereafter treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or 10 µM Raptinal for 1.5 h. Caspase 3/7 activity was then measured. Data is normalized to vehicle in unconditioned medium and shown are the mean ± SD of a representative experiment (N = 2). Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparison (Tukey) with ****p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, ns; not significant. c The medium glucose, lactate, and pyruvate of cultured HepG2 cells were measured at 24, 48 and 72 h after seeding. Shown are the mean ± SD of a representative experiment (N = 2). d The lactate-to-pyruvate (L/P) ratio in the medium conditioned by HepG2 cells over time. The ratios are derived from (c)