Figure 2.
Summary of the antihyperglycemic properties of honey. NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; GLUT-4, insulin-independent glucose transporter 4; IRS-serine phosphorylation, inhibiting insulin receptor substrate-serine phosphorylation; Akt, protein kinase B; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; (−), inhibit; (+), increase.