Table 3.

Knee pain and range of motion in the male and female subgroups.

	Subgroup	CP-G (n = 98)		P-G (n = 82)		p Value LMM
		T0	T12	T0	T12
Pain during activity (subject) [mm]	male	51.6 ± 14.7	29.2 ± 21.3 ***	54.0 ± 18.3	36.8 ± 22.9 ***	0.028
	female	58.0 ± 16.1	36.5 ± 22.0 ***	57.7 ± 13.0	42.9 ± 17.3 ***
Pain during activity (physician) [mm]	male	52.5 ± 13.1	29.3 ± 20.3 ***	52.9 ± 15.6	35.9 ± 20.9 ***	0.004
	female	57.8 ± 13.4	35.0 ± 20.2 ***	56.7 ± 12.6	43.3 ± 16.1 ***
Pain during squat [mm]	male	15.6 ± 22.0	6.67 ± 16.4 **	18.1 ± 23.0	8.75 ± 20.3 **	0.954
	female	17.4 ± 21.2	8.64 ± 15.8 **	19.6 ± 21.1	10.8 ± 18.8 **
Pain at rest [mm]	male	11.7 ± 21.8	1.62 ± 7.87 **	16.3 ± 23.3	10.8 ± 21.0	0.608
	female	14.8 ± 22.3	10.5 ± 21.5	19.4 ± 27.1	9.33 ± 18.4 **
Extension [degree]	male	5.38 ± 4.01	6.02 ± 3.87	7.11 ± 3.46	7.50 ± 2.89	0.933
	female	6.14 ± 4.28	5.86 ± 3.75	5.61 ± 4.29	5.56 ± 3.70
Flexion [degree]	male	146.8 ± 8.51	145.9 ± 8.57	146.4 ± 7.06	147.1 ± 8.28	0.341
	female	146.4 ± 7.06	146.8 ± 9.21	147.9 ± 6.38	148.8 ± 8.40

Data represent mean ± SD. p value LMM, Significance between groups in Linear Mixed Model testing assessing treatment × time interaction including gender as covariate. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 within the group from baseline to final examination (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). LMM: linear mixed model. Bold numbers represent statistical significance of primary endpoints considering the gender as covariate