Figure 7.

Transcriptional activation mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPARs form a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR) and, as such, bind to a defined region of DNA, known as peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs), in the promoter region of specific genes to regulate their expression. Iso-α-acids seems to be able to induce PPAR-α expression and to act as their agonist. On the other hand, Iso-α-acids reduce PPAR-γ expression, although it could work on this receptor as partial agonists.