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. 2021 Feb 15;11(2):110. doi: 10.3390/metabo11020110

Table 2.

Composition of DES and measurement results Aw, Karl Fisher water content and pH.

Name # 1 # 2 # 3 Molar Ratio aW Water Content pH
DES1 Choline chloride 1.2-propanediol Water 1:1:1 0.51 ± 0.03 7.2 ± 0.5 5.42
DES2 Choline chloride Lactic acid - 1:10 0.29 ± 0.00 6.3 ± 0.25 --

Abbreviations. aW = water activity, # = component, --: negative values linked to very acidic and specific medium.