Figure 4.

Antifungal efficacy of a cyclic tetrapeptide against spore germination of C. gloeosporioides. (a) Spore germination inhibition and (b) hyphal degradation of C. gloeosporioides. The experiment included methanol (as a negative control), benzoic acid derived from B. licheniformis MH148 (as a positive control), and the cyclic tetrapeptide from B. velezensis CE 100 against the fungal pathogen C. gloeosporioides. Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean. Calculated mean values are from three replicates. Mean with the different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05 when compared using least significant difference test.