Fig. 4.

Host and functional microbiome differences based on reported condom use in the past 30 days.

(a) Relative abundance of neutrophil-associated proteins DEF1, MMP8, PERM based on reported condom use in the past 30 days. Statistics were calculated using Mann--Whitney test. (b) Relative abundance of neutrophil-associated proteins DEF1, MMP8 and PERM based on reported condom use and reported acts of vaginal sex. No reported sex indicates no vaginal sex was reported in the past 30 days and no condom use was reported in the past 30 days. Unprotected sex indicates the participant reported vaginal sex with inconsistent condom use (reported both condom use and unprotected vaginal sex in the past 30 days). Protected sex indicates the participant reported vaginal sex with no acts of unprotected vaginal sex in the past 30 days. Statistics were calculated using Kruskal--Wallis test with Dunn's correction for multiple comparisons. (c) Volcano plot displaying differences in bacterial taxa between women reporting condom use and those reporting no condom use using Mann--Whitney U-test. P less than 0.05 and family wise error rate (FWER, Bonferroni-corrected P value) are indicated. Boxplot of ko00970 Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (d) and ko00051 fructose and mannose metabolism (g) in the microbiome based on reported condom usage in the past 30 days, as well as contributing microbial taxa to these functions (e and h). (f and i) Relationship between host proteins associating with altered functional pathways. Spearman's r values are shown for significant (P < 0.05) correlations. Neutrophil proteins that independently associated with the host proteome are indicated with asterisk.