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. 2021 Feb 2;9(1):9. doi: 10.3390/proteomes9010009

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Outline of the main functions of the dystrophin node and its associated protein complex as integrators of fiber stability, cellular signaling. cytoskeletal organization and lateral force transmission. The upper panels summarize the main functions of the trans-sarcolemmal axis formed by the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, the dystrophin–dystroglycan complex, the basal lamina component laminin and the extracellular matrix. The lower panel illustrates the physiological concept of force transmission in skeletal muscles, which can be divided into a laterally and a longitudinally acting system. In conjunction with other costameric proteins, the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC) is majorly involved in lateral force transmission to the extracellular matrix.