1UMR 1137, IAME, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
2Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
3INSERM, U1042, Université Grenoble-Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
4Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
5Intensive Care Unit, CHU Avicenne, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, 93000 Bobigny, France
6UFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
7INSERM, U942, 75010 Paris, France
8Polyvalent ICU, Centre Hospitalier Sud Essonne Dourdan-Etampes, Paris, France
9APHP, Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit (MI2), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018 Paris, France
10Medical Intensive Care Unit, Gabriel Montpied University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
11Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre On Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland