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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 10.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2021 Jan 5;185:108444. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108444

Figure 13. In the lithium-pilocarpine model, simultaneous polytherapy was far more effective in reducing EEG power and stopping SE than sequential monotherapies.

Figure 13.

A) Experimental flow: In the simultaneous group, the combination of midazolam 3 mg/kg, ketamine 30 mg/kg and valproate 90 mg/kg was administered simultaneously 40 min after SE onset. In the sequential group, the same drugs at the same dose were injected 30 min apart. B-E) The graphs show the ratio of EEG power integral to initial EEG power at baseline over the first hour (B) or the first six hours (C), the time needed for EEG amplitude to decline to twice the pre-seizure baseline (D) and the number of computer-detected seizures per 24 hours (E). Simultaneous polytherapy (n=10) was far more effective than sequential monotherapies (n=8–9) or higher-dose midazolam (n=10) in reducing EEG power, stopping SE (as indicated by EEG amplitude declining to twice pre-seizure baseline) and reducing the number of seizures. In graphs B-C, * p <0.05 or **** p <0.0001 by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison. In graphs D-E, * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed by Dunn’s test. Figure was modified from Niquet et al., 2017.