Table 1.
Summary Statistics of Relevant Echocardiographic and Clinical Parameters
| Variable | Mean (SD) | Dead (n = 93) | Alive (n = 300) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV end-diastolic area, cm2 | 22.39 (7.03) | 22.31(6.88) | 22.41 (7.09) | .91 |
| RV end-systolic area, cm2 | 14.19 (5.97) | 14.88 (6.5) | 14 (5.81) | .32 |
| RV fractional area change, % | 37.51 (11.07) | 34.63 (12.96) | 38.3 (10.38) | .03 |
| RV basal diameter (4ch), cm | 4.14 (0.83) | 4.19 (0.92) | 4.13 (0.79) | .56 |
| TAPSE, cm | 1.81 (0.55) | 1.59 (0.48) | 1.88 (0.55) | <.001 |
| IVC maximum dimension, cm | 2.19 (0.53) | 2.08 (0.41) | 2.22 (0.56) | .99 |
| IVC minimum dimension, cm | 1.72 (0.57) | 1.65 (0.56) | 1.74 (0.58) | .29 |
| IVC collapsibility, % | 28.27 (23.14) | 27 (22.12) | 28.62 (23.46) | .64 |
| Right atrial area (4ch), cm2 | 18.01 (6.95) | 17.28 (5.55) | 18.23 (7.32) | .21 |
| RV global longitudinal strain, % | −15.32 (6.5) | −14.99 (6.76) | −15.44 (6.43) | .67 |
| RV free-wall strain, % | −17.87 (7.34) | −16.85 (7.23) | −18.18 (7.33) | .25 |
| aRV myocardial performance index | 0.62 (0.29) | 0.66 (0.35) | 0.6 (0.27) | .47 |
| aRV tissue Dopplers | 12.6 (4.24) | 12.96 (4.39) | 12.48 (4.21) | .59 |
| bPA systolic pressure, mm Hg | 42.0 (10.0) | 42.2 (9.7) | 41.4 (11.1) | .60 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 60.26 (12.98) | 60.63 (14.77) | 59.97 (13.31) | .64 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 30.11 (14.95) | 30.49 (18.32) | 29.95 (13.79) | .73 |
| LV E/e’ | 12.60 (5.88) | 13.20 (7.96) | 12.44 (5.16) | .80 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | −16.62 (5.75) | −15.85 (5.99) | −16.71 (6.04) | .31 |
| LV myocardial performance index | 0.64 (0.22) | 0.64 (0.22) | 0.64 (0.21) | .88 |
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| Age, y | 62.65 (16.39) | 65.1 (15.41) | 62.0 (16.51) | .12 |
| APACHE II | 25.83 (10.31) | 32.97 (10.22) | 23.68 (9.45) | <.0001 |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index | 9.49 (3.86) | 10.53 (3.98) | 9.17 (3.77) | .005 |
| Fluid receipt 6 hours before echo, mL | 2,153 (1551) | 2,286 (1737) | 2,102 (1482) | .63 |
| Receipt of vasopressors during echo; No. (%) | 151 (38%) | 39 (42%) | 112 (37%) | .46 |
| Norepinephrine equivalent dose at echo (among those receiving pressors), μg/kg/min | 0.22 (0.25) | 0.41 (0.64) | 0.13 (0.15) | .007 |
| Ventilated during echo; No. (%) | 104 (26%) | 32 (34%) | 72 (24%) | .06 |
| Pao2/Fio2 Ratio | 238 (133) | 240 (155) | 271 (136) | .11 |
Characteristics and comparisons between patients alive and dead at 28 days are displayed as well. Tests of significance are not adjusted for multiple comparisons. IVC = inferior vena cava; LV = left ventricle; PA = pulmonary artery; RAA = right atrial area; RV = right ventricle; TAPSE = tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion.
a
Right ventricular tissue Doppler was not systematically recorded in all patients, so the myocardial performance index and s’ were assessed only in 123 patients.
b
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was measurable in only 122 patients.