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. 2021 Feb 5;46(2):138–149. doi: 10.1007/s00059-021-05022-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Simplified representation of possible pathogenic mechanisms of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and predisposing conditions/risk factors. Figure design inspired by Honigberg et al., 2019 [48]. Reported 6‑month outcome data refer to Sliwa et al., 2020 [50]. DM diabetes mellitus, HF heart failure, LV left ventricular, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, PRL prolactin, PSD post-traumatic stress disorder, sFLT‑1 fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor