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. 2021 Feb 25;12(3):197. doi: 10.3390/insects12030197

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Summarized view of pesticide impacts based on annual treatments applied in commercial orchards from 1979 to 2019. Full lines: mean values; dotted lines: significant (p 0.05) linear trends. Orchards located at Franklin, Hemmingford and Oka (phase 1) and at Compton, Dunham, Franklin, Hemmingford, Oka, Sainte-Famille and Saint-Joseph (phase 2). Vertical bars represent standard error. The starting point of the IRS/IRE curves (2002) has been appended to the endpoint of the EIQ curve (2001). All lines and curves are isoscaled.