Table 3.
Nutritional assessment items used for adult patients with dysphagia in acute and post-acute settings.
| Acute Setting, (n) | Post-Acute Setting, (n) | |
|---|---|---|
| Disease | Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Stroke, Machado–Joseph Disease, Meige Syndrome, Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Trigeminal neuropathy, Traumatic brain injury, Firearm Injury, Myelitis, Cervical Trauma, Systemic arterial hypertension, Pneumonia, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular disease, Chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, Presbyphagia, Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, High cervical spinal cord injury, Oropharyngeal cancer, Head and Neck cancer, Esophageal cancer, Brain tumor, Lung cancer, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Stroke, Brain trauma, Encephalitis, Central pontine myelinolysis, Neoplasm, Alzheimer’s Disease |
| Body mass index | Body mass index (6) | Body mass index (3) |
| Nutritional screening tool | MNA-SF (2) | MNA-SF (2) |
| Anthropometric measurements | Weight (5), TSFT (1), MAMC (1) | none |
| Body composition | Percentage body fat (1), Lean body mass (1) | SMM (BIA) (1) |
| Dietary assessment | Food Frequency Questionnaire (1), Energy intake (1), Period to meal resumption and dietary form (1), Daily food intake (1) |
Food intake level (2) |
| Blood biomarkers | Albumin (6), Total protein (1), Transferrin (1), Lymphocytes (1), Pre-albumin (1), C-reactive protein (1), Ceruloplasmin (1), Transthyretin (1), Retinol-binding protein (1), TIBC (1), Orosomucoid (1) | Albumin (3), Hemoglobin (1) |
| Others | none | MNA (1), O-PNI (1) |
Abbreviations: MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; TSFT, Triceps skinfolds thickness; MAMC, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC = mid-upper arm circumference − π × TSFT); SMM, skeletal muscle mass; BIA, bioelectric impedance analysis; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; O-PNI, Onodera’s Prognostic Nutritional Index.