Table 3.
Hippocampal oxylipin concentration of mice fed orally with control solution, fish hydrolysate or DHA by daily gavage for 18 days, 2 h following LPS injection (125 µg/kg).
| Oxylipin (pg /mg protein) | Control | Hydrolysate | DHA | Statistical Effect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saline | LPS | Saline | LPS | Saline | LPS | Supplementation | LPS | Supplementation × LPS | |
| AA-oxylipins | |||||||||
| Thromboxanes, prostaglandins | |||||||||
| TxB2 | 1584.36 ± 136.93 | 1739.60 ± 138.94 | 1729.72 ± 220.19 | 1495.16 ± 30.78 | 1781.36 ± 166.54 | 1747.47 ± 205.07 | - | - | - |
| 6kPGF1α | 151.68 ± 68.79 a | 505.96 ± 66.67 b | 246.65 ± 83.26 a | 78.59 ± 49.27 a | 210.93 ± 69.00 a | 226.75 ± 92.39 a | - | - | p = 0.0086 |
| PGF2α | 4429.79 ± 380.97 | 5550.45 ± 330.52 | 4582.04 ± 486.14 | 5708.87 ± 577.25 | 5656.33 ± 461.46 | 5155.75 ± 727.26 | - | - | - |
| PGE2 | 1428.02 ± 141.17 a | 2366.55 ± 121.53 b | 1410.87 ± 117.93 a | 2356.64 ± 224.38 b | 1883.66 ± 204.02 a,b | 1881.02 ± 257.90 a,b | - | p = 0.0003 | p = 0.0211 |
| PGD2 | 1741.08 ± 319.14 a | 3208.60 ± 445.99 b | 1639.05 ± 216.33 a | 3188.42 ± 282.95 b,c | 2301.83 ± 244.21 a,b | 2178.11 ± 411.06 a,c | - | p = 0.002 | p = 0.0314 |
| PGA1 | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 28.65 ± 7.78 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 34.75 ± 11.80 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | p = 0.0014 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.0014 |
| 15dPGJ2 | 31.15 ± 19.37 | 71.23 ± 8.44 | 13.59 ± 13.59 | 89.69 ± 19.08 | 45.69 ± 23.73 | 53.66 ± 24.59 | - | p = 0.0145 | - |
| 8isoPGA2 | 464.81 ± 24.87 | 651.95 ± 76.86 | 500.41 ± 109.57 | 864.62 ± 133.33 | 682.20 ± 116.56 | 750.64 ± 92.68 | - | p = 0.0184 | - |
| Lipoxins | |||||||||
| LxA4 | 265.31 ± 31.85 a | 764.10 ± 117.00 c | 352.61 ± 37.66 a,b | 1126.31 ± 115.00 d | 631.05 ± 121.16 b,c | 614.25 ± 151.20 b,c | - | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.0041 |
| LxB4 | 119.60 ± 79.81 | 413.04 ± 100.91 | 488.09 ± 79.65 | 560.64 ± 67.12 | 342.60 ± 115.89 | 309.99 ± 112.83 | p = 0.0483 | - | - |
| Epoxy fatty acids | |||||||||
| 14,15-EET | 258.15 ± 55.32 | 218.68 ± 27.43 | 221.62 ± 44.03 | 339.82 ± 95.94 | 317.46 ± 68.49 | 321.12 ± 36.59 | - | - | - |
| 8,9-EET | 665.74 ± 86.14 | 717.35 ± 62.99 | 745.55 ± 88.82 | 1132.12 ± 251.53 | 984.20 ± 127.64 | 904.92 ± 119.39 | - | - | - |
| 5,6-EET | 510.40 ± 59.39 | 552.36 ± 22.88 | 607.26 ± 61.65 | 776.15 ± 152.98 | 730.88 ± 94.28 | 687.14 ± 90.15 | - | - | - |
| Hydroxy fatty acids | |||||||||
| 15-HETE | 5381.63 ± 491.85 a | 10236.55 ± 1133.60 b,c | 4986.08 ± 394. 85 a | 12370.92 ± 946.68 c | 8412.97 ± 1033.41 b | 8271.61 ± 1124.26 b | - | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.0014 |
| 8-HETE | 616.39 ± 59.62 a | 861.88 ± 71.18 b | 536.21 ± 32.63 a | 1094.93 ± 100.61 c | 825.45 ± 81.77 b | 823.81 ± 84.78 b | - | p = 0.0001 | p = 0.0033 |
| 12-HETE | 1496.97 ± 53.35 a,b | 2662.28 ± 394.98 c,d | 1188.01 ± 51.49 a | 3479.62 ± 252.58 d | 2076.89 ± 258.48 b,c | 2145.92 ± 439.72 b,c | - | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.0044 |
| 5-HETE | 5518.82 ± 671.54 | 6747.00 ± 403.13 | 5484.87 ± 486.33 | 8002.11 ± 382.00 | 7715.60 ± 1005.41 | 8939.82 ± 1212.00 | p = 0.0318 | p = 0.0262 | - |
| 5-oxoETE | 5524.57 ± 639.67 a | 6300.15 ± 474.39 a,c | 5286.41 ± 199.95 a | 9143.13 ± 785.06 b | 8623.43 ± 291.86 b | 7449.52 ± 981.74 b,c | p = 0.0072 | p = 0.0342 | p = 0.0022 |
| LA-oxylipins | |||||||||
| Hydroxy fatty acids | |||||||||
| 13-HODE | 1294.54 ± 41.33 a | 2091.36 ± 184.04 a | 1429.20 ± 192.49 a | 3655.32 ± 871.76 b | 2266.32 ± 315.64 a | 2212.73 ± 339.80 a | - | p = 0.0026 | p = 0.0134 |
| 9-HODE | 497.38 ± 19.99 a | 979.03 ± 109.81 b,c | 577.19 ± 76.69 a,b | 1628.82 ± 355.30 d | 967.76 ± 132.13 b,c | 950.78 ± 147.61 a,c | - | p = 0.0005 | p = 0.0066 |
| DHA-oxylipins | |||||||||
| Hydroxy fatty acids | |||||||||
| 17-HDoHE | 1208.83 ± 91.11 a,b | 2030.94 ± 216.72 c,d | 1002.70 ± 83.64 b | 2428.07 ± 154.48 c | 1717.12 ± 318.00 a,d | 1731.76 ± 194.06 a,d | - | p = 0.0001 | p = 0.0076 |
| 14-HDoHE | 819.92 ± 71.54 a,b | 1171.61 ± 168.81 b,c | 639.76 ± 45.18 a | 1683.52 ± 143.81 d | 1266.36 ± 167.27 c,d | 1290.20 ± 175.01 c,d | - | p = 0.0004 | p = 0.0056 |
| 7-MaR1 | 0.00 ± 0.00 a,b | 42.73 ± 11.82 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 88.89 ± 50.81 c | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | p = 0.0289 | p = 0.0019 | p = 0.0289 |
Values with superscripts (a, b, c, d) differ significantly, n = 4–6/group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and are expressed in pg/mg protein. 5-oxoETE: 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic; 7-MaR1: 7(S)-maresin; AA: arachidonic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EET: epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid; HDoHE: hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; HETE: hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; HODE: hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid; LA: linoleic acid; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Lx: lipoxin; PG: prostaglandin; TxB2: thromboxane B2.