Table 1.
Sugar composition relative to Rha signal based on 1H-NMR data of mildly acidic size-separated subfractions of hoodia-PS, bell pepper-PS and carrot-PS, and potency to stimulate in vitro phagocytosis.
| 1H-NMR Signal | Phagocytosis (Concentration) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material MW Fraction |
Rha 4-OH | GalA 1 | β1-4Gal 2 | Ara 2 | Rha 4-OH subst 3 | O-Ac 4 | GalA OCH3 5 | 3 μg/mL | 30 μg/mL |
| Hoodia-PS | + | ++ | |||||||
| >110 kD | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 50% | 100% | n.d. | ++ | ++ |
| 70–110 kD | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 30% | 10% | 46% | + | ++ |
| 40–70 kD | 1 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 25% | 7% | 40% | ± | + |
| Bell pepper-PS | ++ | ++ | |||||||
| >110 kD | 1 | 4 | n.d. | 3 | 20% | 8% | 40% | ++ | ++ |
| 70–110 kD | 1 | 9 | n.d. | 2 | 30% | 10% | 40% | ++ | ++ |
| 40–70 kD | 1 | 21 | n.d. | 1 | 25% | 4% | 40% | - | + |
| Carrot-PS | + | ++ | |||||||
| >110 kD | 1 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 55% | 150% | n.d. | + | ++ |
| 70–110 kD | 1 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 50% | 35% | 45% | - | + |
| 40–70 kD | 1 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 40% | 10% | 30% | - | - |
1 As measured from GalA H-4 signal area, 2 mol/mol compared to Rha, 3 measured from the Rha CH3 signal, 4 O-acetylation of GalA (1 OAc/GalA set as 100%), 5 GalA methyl esterification level as estimated from the GalA H-4 signal splitting, n.d.: not distinguishable. In vitro phagocytosis stimulating activity is expressed as average normalized % phagocytosis of at least 2 blood donors, -: 0–20%, +/-: 20–40%, +: 40–80%, ++: >80% stimulation of positive control (LPS).