Table 2.
Small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (SD-TEVGs) evaluated in humans.
| Author | Graft Type | Year | Graft | Number of Patients | Recellularization | Follow-Up Time | Primary Patency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CABG | |||||||
| Silver [20] | Allogeneic | 1982 | Glutaraldehyde-fixed human umbilical vein grafts | 11 | None | 3 to 13 months | 46% |
| Laub [21] | Allogeneic | 1992 | Cryopreserved allograft saphenous vein | 19 | None | 2 to 16 months | 41% |
| Mitchell [22] | Xenogeneic | 1993 | Dialdehyde starch-treated bovine internal mammary artery | 18 | None | 3 to 23 months | 16% |
| Reddy [23] | Xenogeneic | 2004 | No-React bovine internal mammary artery | 7 | None | 1 to 4.5 years | 57% |
| Englberger [24] | Xenogeneic | 2008 | No-React bovine internal mammary artery | 17 | None | 3 to 11 months | 23% |
| Laube [25] | Autologous cells on synthetic | 2000 | Autologous endothelial cell-seeded ePTFE graft | 14 | Autologous endothelial cell | 7.5 to 48 months | 91% |
| Lamm [26] and Herrmann [27] | Autologous cells on allograft | 2001 and 2019 | Deendothelialized/cryopreserved allograft veins seeded by autologous endothelial cells | 12 | Autologous endothelial cell | 16 to 18 years | 80% (6 months); 50% (9 months); 0% (32 months) |
| Bypass grafting below knee | |||||||
| Lindsey [29] | Xenogeneic | 2017 | Crosslinked bovine carotid artery | 80 | None | 5 years | 52% to 75% |
| Williams [30] | Autologous cells on synthetic | 2017 | Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell seeded ePTFE | 5 | Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell | 1 year | 60% |
| AV shunt for hemodialysis access | |||||||
| Kennealey [31] | Xenogeneic | 2011 | Crosslinked bovine carotid artery | 26 | None | 1 year | 61% |
| Harlander-Locke [32] | Xenogeneic | 2014 | Crosslinked bovine carotid artery | 17 | None | 18 months | 73% |
| Wystrychowski [33] | Allogeneic | 2014 | Allogeneic cell sheet-based TEVG, dehydrated | 3 | None | <11 months | 9.5 patient-month of use |
| Lawson [34] | Allogeneic | 2016 | Allogeneic human acellular vessels | 60 | None | >1 year | 28% at 12 months |
| L’Heureux [35] | Autologous | 2007 | Autologous cell sheet-based TEVG | 6 | Autologous fibroblast and endothelial cells | <13 months | 24 patient-months of use |
| McAllister [36] | Autologous | 2009 | Autologous cell sheet-based TEVG | 10 | Autologous fibroblast and endothelial cells | >6 months | 68 patient-months of use |
| Wystrychowski [37] | Autologous | 2011 | Autologous cell sheet-based TEVG, cold-preserved | 1 | Autologous endothelial cells | 8 weeks | 8 patient-weeks of use |
| SD-TEVGs: Small-diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts; CABG: coronary-artery bypass grafting; AV shunt: arteriovenous shunt. There might be other similar studies not included here. | |||||||