Table 4.
SD-TEVGs evaluated in large animals in arterial bypass using end-to-side (ETS) anastomosis.
| Study Group | Model | Graft | Modification | Outcome | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D (mm) | L (cm) | Animal | Implantation site | Anastomosis | Antithro-mbotic therapy | Graft type | Material | Chemical Modification | Biological modification = Recellularization | Luminal cell type | Medial cell type | Mechanical modification = Precondition | Follow-up (day) | Patency | Graft Failure | |
| Mahara 2015 [49] 7 days control |
2 | 25 | Pig | Femorale-femoral artery crossover bypass | Proximal: STE Distal: ETE | No | Xenogeneic | Acellular ostrich carotid artery | None | None | None | None | No | 7 | 0 | Thrombus |
| Mahara 2015 [49] Peptide-modified |
2 | 25 | Pig | Femorale-femoral artery crossover bypass | Proximal: STE Distal: ETE | No | Xenogeneic | Acellular ostrich carotid artery | POG7G3REDV | None | None | None | No | 20 | 83% | Unstable suturing at proximal anastomotic site |
| Fang 2019 [50] dHUA |
4 | 4 | Sheep | Carotid artery | ETS | No | Xenogeneic | Decellularized human umbilical artery | None | None | None | None | No | 28 | 0 | Thrombus |
| Fang 2019 [50] dSCA |
4 | 4 | Sheep | Carotid artery | ETS | No | Allogeneic | Decellularized sheep carotid artery | None | None | None | None | No | 28 | 0 | Distal stenosis |
| Fang [45] PCL w/o enoxaparin |
4 | 4 | Sheep | Carotid artery | ETS | No | Synthetic | PCL | None | None | None | None | No | 28 | 0 | Thrombus |
| Dahl 2011 [51] Dog coronary, 1 month |
3 or 4 | 4–8.5 | Dog | Coronary or carotid artery | ETS * | Yes | Autologous cells on allograft | Decellularized graft from allogeneic canine cells grow on a PGA scaffold | None | Autologous | Vessel-EC | None | Yes | 7–365 | 83% | NR |
| Fang [45] PCL w enoxaparin |
4 | 4 | Sheep | Carotid artery | ETS | Yes | Synthetic | PCL | None | None | None | None | No | 28 | 100% | No failure |
| Nakayama 2018 [52] Arterial bypass |
4 | 25 | Dog | Carotid artery | ETS | Yes | Allogeneic | Ethanol fixed IBTA | None | None | None | None | No | 30 | 100% | No failure |
| Soldani 2010 [53] ePTFE 6 months |
7 | 5 | Sheep | Carotid artery | ETS + carotid resection | Yes | Synthetic | ePTFE | None | None | None | None | No | 180 | 50% | Thrombus |
| Soldani 2010 [53] PEtU 24 months |
7 | 5 | Sheep | Carotid artery | Proximal: ETE Distal: ETS |
Yes | Synthetic | PU | None | None | None | None | No | 730 | 100% | No failure |
D: diameter; L: length; ETS: end-to-side anastomosis; ETE: end-to-end anastomosis; STE: side-to-end anastomosis; dHUA: decellularized human umbilical artery; dSCA: decellularized sheep carotid artery; PCL: polycaprolactone; IBTA: in-body tissue architecture; ePTFE: expanded polytetrafluoroethylene; POG7G3REDV: heterobifunctional peptide: (Pro-Hyp-Gly)7-Gly-Gly-Gly)-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV); EC: endothelial cell; and NR: not reported. * Interpreted from figure.