. 2021 Feb 5;64(5):1113–1120. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05381-y

Table 3.

Logistic regression model with ORs for developing type 1 diabetes

Characteristic	All cases
	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^a	Adjusted OR (95%CI)^b
Size for age
AGA	Reference	Reference	Reference
SGA	0.76 (0.65, 0.90)	0.80 (0.66, 0.98)	0.76 (0.63, 0.92)
LGA	1.34 (1.20, 1.50)	1.15 (1.01, 1.31)	1.16 (1.02, 1.32)
Gestational age
Very preterm (<32 weeks)	0.69 (0.50, 0.95)	0.70 (0.46, 1.07)	0.69 (0.47, 1.02)
Moderately preterm (32–36 weeks)	1.11 (1.01, 1.23)	1.10 (0.97, 1.24)	1.06 (0.94, 1.19)
Term (37–42 weeks)	Reference	Reference	Reference
Post term (>42 weeks)	0.87 (0.63, 1.20)	0.91 (0.62, 1.34)	0.92 (0.62, 1.35)
Maternal diabetes
No	Reference	Reference	NA
Yes, any kind	3.51 (2.98, 4.14)	3.34 (2.77, 4.03)	NA
Maternal BMI
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m²)	0.86 (0.74, 1.01)	0.90 (0.77, 1.05)	NA
Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²)	Reference	Reference	NA
Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²)	1.09 (1.02, 1.16)	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)	NA
Obese (≥30 kg/m²)	1.26 (1.15, 1.38)	1.22 (1.11, 1.34)	NA
Maternal diabetes and BMI
No maternal diabetes and BMI <25 kg/m²	Reference	NA	Reference
No maternal diabetes and BMI ≥25 kg/m²	1.12 (1.06, 1.19)	NA	1.12 (1.06, 1.18)
Maternal diabetes and BMI <25 kg/m²	3.79 (2.91, 4.94)	NA	3.64 (2.79, 4.74)
Maternal diabetes and BMI ≥25 kg/m²	3.60 (2.79, 4.65)	NA	3.52 (2.71, 4.55)
Maternal smoking during pregnancy
No	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.84 (0.79, 0.90)	0.86 (0.80, 0.92)	0.86 (0.80, 0.92)
Maternal age
13–29 years	Reference	Reference	Reference
>29 years	1.05 (1.00, 1.10)	1.04 (0.98, 1.10)	1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

^aAdjusted OR includes size for gestational age, gestational age, maternal diabetes, maternal BMI, maternal smoking habits and maternal age

^bAdjusted OR includes size for gestational age, gestational age, the combination variable of maternal diabetes and BMI, maternal smoking habits and maternal age

NA, not applicable