Table 2.

MicroRNAs that suppress osteoblast differentiation in vitro.

Osteo-suppressing miRNA	Endogenous expression during OG	miRNA target	Progenitor cell type	Animal model	Reference
miR-9-5p		WNT3A	Rat BMSC	NA	Zhang et al. [99]
miR-16-2-3p		WNT5A	Human BMSC	NA	Duan et al. [100]
miR-23a	NA	BMPR1B	Human PDLSC	NA	Zhang et al. [101]*
miR-23a–27a–24-2		HOXA5/10/11	MC3T3-E1	Age-related osteoporosis	Godfrey et al. [102]*
miR-27b-3p		SP7/OSX	Human MSMSC	Heterotopic ossification	Peng et al. [103]
miR-93-5p		BMP2	Human BMSC	NA	Zhang et al. [104]
miR-98	NA	BMP2	Human BMSC	NA	Zhang et al. [105]
miR-106b		BMP2	Human PMSC	Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis	Liu et al. [106]
miR-125b		BMPR1B	Human BMSC	Bone defect	Wang et al. [107]*
miR-125b		NKIRAS2	Human PDLSC	NA	Xue et al. [108]*
miR-132		GDF5	Human PDLSC	NA	Xu et al. [109]
miR-137-3p	NA	RUNX2, CXCL12	Rat BMSC	Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head	Kong et al. [110]*
miR-138		RHOC	Human DDC	NA	Zheng et al. [111]*
miR-139-3p	NA	ELK1	MC3T3-E1	NA	Wang et al. [112]
miR-145		FOXO1	Human ASC	NA	Hao et al. [113]
miR-150		GPNMB	Mouse BMSC	Age-related osteoporosis	Moussa et al. [114]
miR-155		BMPR2, RUNX2	C2C12, MEF	Heterotopic ossification	Liu et al. [115]
miR-181a-3p		BMP10	Human BMSC	NA	Tao et al. [116]
miR-185	NA	BGN	MC3T3-E1, mouse BMSC	Ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis	Cui et al. [117]
miR-185-5p		DLX2	MC3T3-E1	NA	Chang et al. [118]
miR-193a		HMGB1	Human BMSC	NA	Wang et al. [119]
miR-200a		GLS	Human BMSC	NA	Lv et al. [120]
miR-206		GLS	Human BMSC	NA	Chen et al. [121]
miR-214-3p	NA	RUNX3	Human MSMSC	Heterotopic ossification	Peng et al. [122]
miR-223		DHRS3	Human BMSC	NA	Zhang et al. [123]
miR-339		DLX5	Human BMSC	NA	Zhou et al. [124]
miR-451		YWHAZ	Cal Pre-OB	Ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis	Pan et al. [125]
miR-451a	NA	BMP6	Mouse BMSC, MC3T3-E1	Ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis	Lu et al. [126]
miR-485-5p		SP7/OSX	Rat BMSC	NA	Zhang et al. [127]
miR-495	NA	HMGA2	Mouse Cal OB	Bone defect	Tian et al. [128]
miR-665		IL-6	Human ASC	NA	Wu et al. [129]
miR-1187		BMPR2, ARHGEF-9	Mouse Cal OB	Ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis	John et al. [130]

Legend: this list was generated from a PubMed literature search (2017–2020) to determine miRNAs that play a functional role in regulating osteoblast differentiation. This list contains miRNAs reported to suppress osteogenesis following over-expression in vitro. The second column shows endogenous expression patterns of the miRNA during in vitro osteogenesis assays: pink arrows represent reduced expression, green arrows denote increased expression and yellow arrows translate to no significant changes in expression at specific time points of osteogenic differentiation. MiRNA target genes and progenitor cell types used to study in vitro osteogenesis are also shown. Wherever applicable, the in vivo rodent model used to further test the effects of miRNA modulation on bone formation is also shown. Those studies marked with an asterisk (*) used lentiviral technology to modulate miRNA expression. All other studies utilized miRNA mimics or antagomirs. Abbreviations: ASC = adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; BMSC = bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; Cal OB = calvarial-derived osteoblasts; Cal Pre-OB = calvarial-derived pre-osteoblasts; DDC = dedifferentiated chondrocytes (or cartilage progenitor cells); MEF = mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MSMSC = maxillary sinus membrane stem cells; NA = not analyzed; OG = osteogenesis; PDLSC = periodontal mesenchymal stem cells; PMSC = placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells.