TABLE 3.

Inflammatory biomarkers in CSF and plasma

Parameter	Controls (n = 14)	Migraine (n = 42 a )	p value b	p value adj for age and sex
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
	Marginal mean (SE)	Marginal mean (SE)
CSF IL‐6 (pg/mL)	2.7 (2.3)	3.8 (2.6)	0.146	0.078
	2.9 (0.7)	4.1 (0.5)
CSF IL‐8 (pg/mL)	87.0 (38.6)	114.2 (52.1)	0.130	0.086
	94.7 (14.4)	122.9 (10.2)
CSF IL‐10 (pg/mL)	0.12 (0.1)	0.18 (0.1)	0.149	0.082
	0.15 (0.03)	0.20 (0.02)
CSF TNFα (pg/mL)	0.29 (0.2)	0.35 (0.2)	0.427	0.380
	0.33 (0.05)	0.38 (0.04)
CSF IFNγ (pg/mL)	0.49 (0.5)	0.59 (0.5)	0.441	0.504
	0.50 (0.1)	0.58 (0.1)
CSF CRP (ng/mL)	3.3 (3.4)	4.2 (6.2)	0.470	0.665
	2.7 (1.7)	3.6 (1.2)
Plasma IL‐6 (pg/mL)	2.1 (1.2)	2.4 (1.7)	0.509	0.778
	2.1 (0.5)	2.5 (0.4)
Plasma IL‐8 (pg/mL)	12.0 (5.5)	16.5 (10.9)	0.207	0.344
	12.6 (3.0)	15.8 (1.9)
Plasma IL‐10 (pg/mL)	1.6 (0.9)	1.1 (0.4)	0.031	0.014
	1.6 (0.2)	1.1 (0.1)
Plasma TNFα (pg/mL)	6.5 (1.6)	6.9 (1.7)	0.461	0.693
	6.6 (0.5)	6.8 (0.3)
Plasma (pg/mL)	28.7 (32.4)	17.2 (15.6)	0.278	0.152
	28.2 (6.7)	15.2 (4.6)
Plasma CRP (mg/L)	3.00 (3.5)	2.5 (3.8)	0.948	0.624
	2.7 (1.0)	2.0 (0.7)

^aForty‐two subjects contributed to 53 observations.

^bMMRM. Log‐transformed data were used for CSF and plasma CRP and for plasma IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFNγ. Cube‐root‐transformed data were used for CSF IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFNγ and for plasma IL‐8. One study participant had an extreme outlying value for plasma IL‐10 due to a neck injury and was therefore excluded from the analysis of plasma IL‐10. Another study participant had extreme outlying values for plasma IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNFα and was excluded from those analyses. Another study participant had an extreme outlying value for CSF IL‐8; analyses were done both with and without the outlier, resulting in the same p value (0.13).