In Table 1, the headings Vitamin A Deficient n = 4341 (%) and Not Vitamin A Deficient n = 4341 (%) are swapped in the third and fourth columns. The third column should be Not Vitamin A Deficient n = 4341 (%) and the fourth should be Vitamin A Deficient n = 424 (%). Please see the correct Table 1 here.
Table 1. Background characteristics of the survey participants.
|
Characteristics |
Overall N = 4765 (%) |
Not Vitamin A Deficient n = 4341 (%) |
Vitamin A Deficient n = 424 (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child-level variables | ||||
| Child age, mo* | 32.5±15.4 | 32.5±15.5 | 32.1±14.4 | 0.55 |
| Categories of child age in mo | 0.22 | |||
| 6–11 | 512 (10.8) | 477 (11.0) | 35 (8.3) | |
| 12–23 | 1042 (21.9) | 946 (21.8) | 96 (22.6) | |
| 24–59 | 3211 (67.5) | 2918 (67.3) | 293 (69.1) | |
| Male sex of child | 2403 (50.4) | 2173 (50.1) | 230 (54.2) | 0.10 |
| Birth order and birth interval | 0.03 | |||
| First child | 450 (31.9) | 422 (32.6) | 28 (23.9) | |
| 2nd or 3rd child, > 2 years interval | 590 (41.8) | 529 (40.9) | 61 (52.1) | |
| 2nd or 3rd child, ≤ 2 years interval | 99 (7.0) | 92 (7.1) | 7 (6.0) | |
| 4th or more child, > 2 years interval | 190 (13.5) | 180 (13.9) | 10 (8.6) | |
| 4th or more child, ≤ 2 years interval | 83 (5.9) | 72 (5.6) | 11 (9.4) | |
| Vitamin A supplementation in past 6 mo | 1246 (59.4) | 1142 (59.6) | 104 (57.1) | 0.65 |
| Deworming medication in past 6 mo | 2611 (61.2) | 2382 (61.5) | 229 (58.4) | 0.17 |
| Had diarrhea last two weeks | 380 (18) | 343 (17.9) | 35 (19) | 0.73 |
| Anemia level | <0.01 | |||
| None | 2207 (46.4) | 2049 (47.3) | 158 (37.3) | |
| Mild | 1142 (24.0) | 1043 (24.1) | 99 (23.4) | |
| Moderate | 1298 (27.3) | 1160 (26.8) | 138 (32.6) | |
| Severe | 111 (2.3) | 82 (1.9) | 29 (6.8) | |
| Household-level variables | ||||
| Wealth index quintiles | 0.08 | |||
| Lowest | 1222 (25.6) | 1114 (25.7) | 108 (25.5) | |
| Second | 1027 (21.6) | 923 (21.3) | 104 (24.5) | |
| Middle | 960 (20.2) | 871 (20.1) | 89 (21.0) | |
| Fourth | 879 (18.5) | 798 (18.4) | 81 (19.1) | |
| Highest | 677 (14.2) | 635 (14.6) | 42 (9.9) | |
| Mother Educated | 3494 (86.4) | 3200 (86.5) | 294 (85.22) | 0.43 |
| Father Educated | 3121 (94.6) | 2854 (94.7) | 267 (93.4) | 0.33 |
| Mother working | 3357 (75.2) | 3084 (75.6) | 273 (70.9) | 0.04 |
| Father working | 3078 (93.3) | 2816 (93.5) | 262 (91.6) | 0.23 |
| Iodized salt in the household | 4524 (94.9) | 4122 (95.0) | 402 (94.8) | 0.27 |
| Owns land for agriculture | 3615 (75.9) | 3298 (76.0) | 317 (74.8) | 0.58 |
| Owns livestock, herds or farm animal | 3452 (72.4) | 3152 (72.61) | 300 (70.75) | 0.41 |
| Cluster-level variables | ||||
| Place of residence | 0.08 | |||
| Urban | 796 (16.7) | 738 (17.0) | 58 (13.7) | |
| Rural | 3969 (83.3) | 3603 (83.0) | 366 (86.32) | |
| Administrative geographical region | <0.01 | |||
| Kampala | 165 (3.5) | 154(3.5) | 11 (2.6) | |
| Central 1 | 382 (8.0) | 348(8.0) | 34 (8.0) | |
| Central 2 | 390 (8.2) | 353(8.1) | 37 (8.7) | |
| Busoga | 469 (9.8) | 399(9.2) | 70 (16.5) | |
| Bukedi | 351 (7.4) | 280(6.5) | 71 (16.8) | |
| Bugishu | 256 (5.4) | 232 (5.3) | 24 (5.7) | |
| Teso | 342(7.2) | 312 (7.2) | 30 (7.1) | |
| Karamoja | 232(4.9) | 223 (5.1) | 9 (2.1) | |
| Lango | 333(7.0) | 316 (7.3) | 17 (4.0) | |
| Acholi | 290(6.1) | 266 (6.1) | 24 (5.7) | |
| West Nile | 299(6.3) | 271 (6.2) | 28 (6.6) | |
| Bunyoro | 324(6.8) | 300 (6.9) | 24 (5.7) | |
| Tooro | 414(8.7) | 397 (9.2) | 17 (4.0) | |
| Ankole | 307(6.4) | 285 (6.6) | 22 (5.1) | |
| Kigezi | 211(4.4) | 205 (4.7) | 6 (1.4) | |
| Growing season length, days† | 315±15 | 300±15 | 302 ± 5 | 0.16 |
| Under 5 population* | 50 (26 to 91) | 50 (25 to 92) | 53 (30 to 88) | 0.07 |
*n ± standard deviation; †median (25th, 75th percentiles).
Reference
- 1.Ssentongo P, Ba DM, Ssentongo AE, Fronterre C, Whalen A, et al. (2020) Association of vitamin A deficiency with early childhood stunting in Uganda: A population-based cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE 15(5): e0233615. 10.1371/journal.pone.0233615 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]