Table 1. . Demographic characteristics of the 88 children participating in this PROGRESS subcohort at 4–6 years of age.
| Demographic | Category | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Female | 47 (53) | |
| Male | 41 (47) | |
| Indoor tobacco smoke exposure | ||
| Yes | 28 (32) | |
| No | 60 (68) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||
| Low | 46 (52) | |
| Medium | 35 (40) | |
| High | 7 (8) | |
| Mean ± SD (range), n | ||
| Age, years | 4.7 ± 0.5 (4.0–6.4), 88 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 15.6 ± 1.7 (12.8–21.9), 88 | |
| Urine creatinine, mg/dl | 72.0 ± 34.3 (10.4–156.0), 87 | |
| Urine specific gravity, kg/m3 | 1.02 ± 0.01 (1.01–1.03), 88 | |
| Urine osmolality, mmol/kg | 653 ± 201 (272-1100), 86 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 84 ± 7.6 (70–120), 88 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 52 ± 6.5 (35–76), 88 | |
| Urinary sodium, mmol/l | 130 ± 49 (15–268), 86 | |
| Urinary potassium, mmol/l | 74.9 ± 40.4 (15.5–207.6), 86 | |
| Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio | 2.29 ± 1.49 (0.09–8.21), 86 | |
| Serum cystatin C, age 8–10 years, mg/l | 0.74 ± 0.19 (0.39–1.59), 68 | |
| eGFRCysC, 8–10 years, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 99.3 ± 24.3 (46.8–170), 68 | |
eGFRCysC: Estimated glomerular filtration rate using the cystatin C-based equation; SD: Standard deviation.