Abstract
Antibacterial drug treatment in aquaculture during 1991–1996 was investigated using prescription data provided by the Norwegian Government Fish Inspection and Quality Control Service (NFCS). The majority of prescriptions (n = 5401) were for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout (salmonids), while 383 prescriptions were for other species. Of the 13 different single substances or combinations prescribed during the study period, only 5 were approved for or had been subjected to clinical trials in salmonids. Of the prescriptions for the salmonids, 99% were for approved drugs or drugs subjected to clinical trials. The major proportion of the antibacterial drugs prescribed for other fish species were drugs which were approved for or which had been subjected to clinical trials in salmonids. In all fish species, the prescribing of antibacterial drugs which were neither approved for nor had been subjected to clinical trials was mainly for fish far below slaughter weight. The prescription data were validated against the drug statistics from the wholesalers and feed mills. It was concluded that the data indeed represented antibacterial drug prescribing in Norwegian aquaculture. The prescribing of antibacterial drugs proved to be almost completely reported to NFCS, which is responsible for the control of drug residues in farmed fish in Norway.
Keywords: off-label, use, validation, wholesalers, statistics, residues, control
Sammendrag
I denne studien ble veterinærenes forskrivning av antibakterielle midler i norsk akvakultur i perioden 1991–1996 undersøkt basert på reseptdata samlet inn fra Fiskeridirektoratets kontrollverk. Veterinærenes rapportering av forskrivningen av antibakterielle midler til Fiskeridirektoratets kontrollverk ble funnet å være nær fullstendig og det ble derved konkludert med at datamaterialet representerte den reelle forskrivningen av slike midler i norsk fiskeoppdrett i studieperioden. De fleste forskrivningene (n = 5 401) var på antibakterielle midler til Atlantisk laks eller regnbueørret, og 383 forskrivninger var til andre arter. For i alt 99% av forskrivninger til Atlantisk laks og regnbueørret var det ordinerte antibakterielle midlet enten godkjent til eller under klinisk utprøvning for disse artene. Med unntak av et begrenset antall forskrivninger, kan det konkluderes at forskrivningen av antibakterielle midler til Atlantisk laks og regnbueørret i perioden 1991–1996 var rasjonell. Forskrivningen av antibakterielle midler som ikke var godkjente eller under klinisk utprøvning til oppdrettsfisk var i hovedsak til fiskestørrelser langt under slaktevekt og representerte derved ikke noe næringsmiddelhygienisk problem. Det forventes at produksjonen av nye arter i norsk oppdrettsnæring vil øke sterkt. I fremtiden bør derfor forskrivningen av antibakterielle midler til nye arter overvåkes med tanke på rasjonell forskrivning.
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