Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica logoLink to Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
. 1999 Sep 1;40(3):253–262. doi: 10.1186/BF03547023

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Evidence of other Viral Infections in Dairy Calves with Respiratory Disease in Venezuela

Serologisk och molekylar diagnostik av bovint virus diarre virus samt påvisande av andra virusinfektioner hos kalvar med respiratoriska sjukdomar i Venezuela

C Obando 1,2, C Baule 3, C Pedrique 2, C Veracierta 2, S Belák 3, M Merza 4, J Moreno-Lopez 1,✉
PMCID: PMC8043196  PMID: 10605142

Abstract

An investigation based on 2 studies was carried out to assess the involvement of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in calf respiratory disease in dairy farms in Venezuela. In the first study, 8 farms were selected and paired serum samples from 42 calves with respiratory disease were tested by ELISA for antibodies to the 3 viruses. Seroconversion to BVDV, BHV-1, and BRSV was found to 5, 2, and 6 farms out of the 8, respectively. The proportion of calves that showed seroconversion to BVDV, BHV-1, and BRSV were 19%, 14%, and 26%, respectively. In the second study, another farm having previous serological evidence of BVDV infection was selected. The decline of maternal antibodies against BVDV was monitored in 20 calves and the half-life of maternal antibodies was 34 ± 12 days presumably indicating an early natural infection with BVDV Furthermore, sera free of BVDV antibodies that were collected in studies 1 and 2 and were assayed for the presence of BVDV by nested RT-PCR. Two BVDV strains were detected and compared to those of ruminant and porcine pestiviruses. Both strains were assigned to subgroup Ib of type I BVDV This investigation provides information on BVDV genotypes circulating in Venezuela and may contribute to the establishment of official control programmes against the viruses studied.

Keywords: BRDC, maternal antibodies, BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, PCR

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).

References

  1. Adair BM. Immunofluorescence in serological diagnosis of parainfluenza type 3 and respiratory syncytial vivus infection in calves. Res. Vet. Sci. 1986;41:414–416. doi: 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)30642-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen JW, Viel L, Bateman KG, Rosensal S, Shewen PE, Physick-sheard P: The microbial flora of the respiratory tract in feedlot calves: Association between nasopharyngeal and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Can. J. Vet. Res. 1991, 55, 341– 346. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  3. Allen JW, Viel L, Bateman KG, Nagy E, Rosendal S, Shewen PE. Serological titers to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella haemolitica in feedlot calves with respiratory disease: Association with bacteriological and pulmonary cytological variables. Can. J. Vet. Res. 1992;56:281–288. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baker JC. Clinical aspects of bovine virus diarrhea virus infections, Rev. Sci. Tech. 1990;9:25–41. doi: 10.20506/rst.9.1.492. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Belák S, Ballagi-Pordány A: Bovine viral diarhea virus: Rapid diagnosis by the polymerase change reaction. Archives of Virology (Suppl. 3), 1991, 181–190. [DOI] [PubMed]
  6. Bolin SR, Littledike ET, Ridpath JF: Serologic detection and practical consequences of antigenic diversity among bovine viral diarrhea viruses in vaccinated herd. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1991, 52, 1033– 1037. [PubMed]
  7. Brar JS, Johnson DW, Muscoplat CC, Shope RE, Meiske JC. Immunity of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses. Duration and effect of vaccination in young calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1978;39:241–244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chomiczynski P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanatephenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 1987;162:156–159. doi: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ellis JA. The forgotten virusesxause for clinical concern. The Bovine Proceeding. 1997;30:5–7. [Google Scholar]
  10. Elvander M, Baule C, Persson M, Eqyed L, Ballagi-Pordány A, Belák S, Alenius S. An experimental study of a current primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) in calves. Acta vet. scand. 1998;39:251–264. doi: 10.1186/BF03547797. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Florent G, de Marneffe C. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay used to monitor serum antibodies to bovine respiratory disease viruses. Vet. Microbiol. 1986;11:309–317. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(86)90061-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Giles CJ, Grimshaw WTR, Shanks DL, Smith DG. Efficac of danofloxacin in the therapy of acute bacterial pneumonia in housed beef cattle. Vet. Rec. 1991;128:296–300. doi: 10.1136/vr.128.13.296. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hjerpe GA: The bovine respiratory disease complex. In: Current Veterinary Therapy 3, Food Animal Practice, 3rd ed. Howard, J.L., Ed. Philadelphia, Sunders. 1986, 653–664.
  14. Hore DE. A review of respiratory agents associated with disease of sheep, cattle and pigs in Australia and overseas. Aust. Vet. J. 1976;52:502–509. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1976.tb06985.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Howard CJ, Clarke MC, Brownlie J. Protection against respiratory infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus by passively acquired antibody, Vet. Microbiol. 1989;19:195–203. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(89)90066-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jerico KWF, Carter GR. Pneumonia in calves produced with aerosols of Pasteurella multocida alone and in combination with bovine herpes virus 1. Can. J. Comp. Mad. 1985;49:138–144. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kennedy GA. Diagnostic considerations for bovine respiratory disease. The Bovine Proceeding. 1996;29:142–146. [Google Scholar]
  18. Martin SW, Bateman KG, Shewen PE, Rosendal S, Bohac JE: The frequency, distribution and effect of antibodies to seven putative respiratory pathogens on respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves on Ontario, Can. J. Vet. Res. 1989 53 (3), 355–362. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  19. Menanteau-Horta AM, Ames JR, Johnson DW, Meiske JC. Effect of maternal antibodies upon vaccination with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine virus diarrhoea vaccines. Can. J. Comp. Med. 1985;49:10–14. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Moreno-Lopez J. A serosurvey of viruses during outbreaks of acute respiratory and/or enteric disease in Swedish cattle. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 1979;26:634–640. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1979.tb00857.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Obando C: Problems associated with viral infections of the respiratory, enteric, and reproductive tracts in cattle. Fonaiap Divulga. 1994, 45, 15–20. (in Spanish).
  22. Obando RC, Hidalgo M, Merza M, Montoya A, Klingenborn B, Moreno-Lopez J: Prevalence of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses of the bovine respiratory complex in Venezuela (Apure State), Pre Vet Med. 1999 (in press). [DOI] [PubMed]
  23. Pálfi V, Houe H, Philipsen J. Studies on the decline of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) maternal antibodies and detectability of BVDV in persistently infected calves. Acta vet. scand. 1993;34:105–107. doi: 10.1186/BF03548231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pedrique C, Mora E, Artigas D: Factors involved in the survival of calves born from imported cows in Portuguesa State, VI Venezuelan Congress of Animal Sciences, San Cristobal, Venezuela. 1990, pS-I 15. (in Spanish).
  25. Pellerin C, Van Den Hurk J, Lecomte J, Tussen P. Identification of a new group of bovine virus diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. Virology. 1994;203:260–268. doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1483. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Potgieter L, Aldridge P. Use of indirect fluorescent antibody test in the detection of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in bovine serum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1977;38:1341–1343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Potgieter LND, McCracken MD, Hopkins FM, Guy JS: Comparison of the pneumopathogenesis of two strains of bovine diarrhea virus. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1985, 46 (1), 151–153. [PubMed]
  28. Potgieter LND. Immunosuppresion of cattle as a result of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. Agri. Pract. 1988;9:7–14. [Google Scholar]
  29. Radostits OM, Townsend HG. The controversy surrounding the role of bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) in the pathogensis of pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle. The Bovine Proceeding. 1989;21:111–114. [Google Scholar]
  30. Richer L, Marois P, Lamontagne L. Association of bovine viral diarrhea virus with multiple viral infections in bovine respiratory disease outbreaks. Can. Vet. J. 1988;29:713–717. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ripath JF, Bolin SR, Duvobi EJ. Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. Virology. 1994;205:66–74. doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1620. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Scott PR: Epidemiology and t rearment of bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle. Cattle Practice. 1997, 5, part 4, 283–288.
  33. Stott EJ, Thomas LH, Collins AP, Crouch S, Jebbett J, Smith GS, Luther PD, Caswell R. A survey of virus infections of respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease. J. Hyg. Camb. 1980;85:257–270. doi: 10.1017/S0022172400063294. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Straub OB: Viral respiratory infection of cattle. Proceeding of the XVIII World Buiatrics Congress, Bologna, Italy. 1994, p 79–94.
  35. Thomas LH, Stott EJ, Collins AP, Jebbett NJ, Stark AJ. Evaluation of respiratory disease in calves: comparison of disease response to different viruses. Res. Vet. Aci. 1977;23:157–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Uttenthal A, Jensen NPB, Blom JY. Viral aetiological of enzootic pneumonia in Danish dairy herds: diagnostic tools and epidemiology. Vet. Rec. 1996;139:114–117. doi: 10.1136/vr.139.5.114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Wray C, Roeder PL: Effect of bovine virus diarhoeamucosal disease virus infection on salmonella infection in calves. Res. Vet. Sci. 1987, 42, 213– 218. [PubMed]
  38. Yates WDG. Interaction between viruses and bacteria in bovine respiratory disease. Can. Vet. J. 1984;25:37–41. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica are provided here courtesy of BMC

RESOURCES