Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica logoLink to Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
. 1998 Mar 1;39(1):109–117. doi: 10.1186/BF03547812

Control of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus and Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis Infection in a Norwegian Goat Herd

Bekjempelse av caprint artritt-encefalitt virus og Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infeksjon i en norsk geitebesetning

K Nord 111,✉, G Holstad 211, LO Eik 311, K Grønstøl 111
PMCID: PMC8050669  PMID: 9592951

Abstract

A control programme for caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) infection was established in a Norwegian goat herd comprising approximately 100 milking goats. The herd seroprevalences of antibodies against CAEV and C. pseudotuberculosis were 97% and 94%, respectively.

Kids were removed from the infected flock at birth, avoiding any contact between dam and kid. The kids were kept completely segregated from the seropositive flock and fed cow's colostrum and milk. A seronegative flock was established, based on the removed kids and their offspring. Goats belonging to the seronegative flock were allowed to kid naturally and to mother their kids. The seropositive flock was slaughtered during the second year of the control programme. After washing and disinfection, housing systems and nearby outdoor premises were left empty for 3 months.

Of 230 goats examined for antibodies against CAEV with ELISA regularly during 3 years of the control program, altogether 6 were found to be seropositive, while for 10 the result was indeterminate. All 16 animals were immediately culled. During the third year of the control programme, all goats were examined and proved negative for antibodies against C. pseudotuberculosis by a haemolysis inhibition test. Clinical examination revealed no signs of CAE or caseous lymphadenitis. kw|Keywords|k]control programme; k]ELISA; k]haemolysis inhibition test

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (826.3 KB).

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Dr. A. Storset for kindly blood-sampling and testing the infected animals by virus isolation. We are grateful to Professor S.A. Oedegaard for performing caesarian sections, and to District Veterinary Officer J.G. Noersteboe for clinical examinations and sampling. Thanks are also due to Anne Berit Hvaal for serological examinations for C. pseudotuberculosis.

References

  1. DS A, AP K, JL C, TC M, JR G. Transmission and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Am. J. vet. Res. 1983;44:1670–5. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. DS A, RE O, E A, JC D, DW V, DJ H, S W, JR G, B H, M D, FJ T, TC M. Global survey of serological evidence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. Vet. Ree. 1984;775:493–5. doi: 10.1136/vr.115.19.493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. PB A. Pathology and bacteriology of abortion in sheep experimentally infected with Corynebacte-rium pseudotuberculosis. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 1979;27:257–262. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. VM A, ME N. Control of caseous lymphadenitis in goats by vaccination. Le maladies de la chevre. 1984;28:605–609. [Google Scholar]
  5. MK A, SG C. A survey of caseous lymphadenitis and its etiology in goats in the United States. Vet. Med. 1979;74:1161–1165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. JL A, HW R. Survival of Corynebac-terium pseudotuberculosis in axenic purulent exudate on common barnyard fomites. Am. J.vet. Res. 1986;47:713–715. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CC B, HJ O. Caseous lymphadenitis of goats and sheep: A review. Vet. Bull. 1989;57:1–12. [Google Scholar]
  8. MS B. Ovine progressive pneumonia, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, and related lentiviral diseases of sheep and goats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 1990;6:691–704. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30841-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. M D. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis. 1987. pp. 8–11. [Google Scholar]
  10. DP D, ter EA L, BEC S. Eradication programme for caseous lymphadenitis in goats in the Netherlands. Vet. Ree. 1996;138:237. doi: 10.1136/vr.138.10.237. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. NE E, JD R, JE D, GH T, NC P. Modes of transmission of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. Small rumin. Res. 1993;70:251–262. [Google Scholar]
  12. T E. Control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis in goats. J. Agric, West. Aust. 1988;29:91–95. [Google Scholar]
  13. T E, W R, G W. Effect of colostrum deprivation of goat kids on the natural transmission of caprine retrovirus. Aust. vet. J. 1983;60:326–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb02832.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. TM E. “Big knee” virus of goats. Agric. Farm-note, West. Aust. Dept. 1985;60(85):15–17. [Google Scholar]
  15. F F, PA B, EPJ G, FA M, MJ S, DO W. Veterinary Virology. London: Academic Press; 1987. [Google Scholar]
  16. C H. Det frivillige maedi-visna kontrolpro-gram. (Voluntary maedi/visna control programme). Dan. vet. Tidsskr. 1988;77:198–202. [Google Scholar]
  17. G H. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats, II. The prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in 36 goat herds in northern Norway. Acta vet. scand. 1986;27:584–597. doi: 10.1186/BF03548138. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. G H. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats, V Relationships between the infection and lesions resulting from vaccination against paratuberculosis. Acta vet. scand. 1986;27:617–622. doi: 10.1186/BF03548141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. G H. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats, I. Evaluation of two serological diagnostic tests. Acta vet. scand. 1986;27:575–583. doi: 10.1186/BF03548137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. G H. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats, IV Course of the infection in two recently infected goat herds. Acta vet. scand. 1986;27:609–616. doi: 10.1186/BF03548140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. G H, J T, HJ L. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats VIII. The effect of vaccination against experimental infection. Acta vet. scand. 1989;30:275–283. doi: 10.1186/BF03548032. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. G H. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats, IX. The effect of vaccination against natural infection. Acta vet. scand. 1989;30:285–293. doi: 10.1186/BF03548033. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. SC M. Scheme to accredit flocks free from caprine arthritis encephalitis infection. N. Z. vet. J. 1984;32:165–66. doi: 10.1080/00480169.1984.35110. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. RW M, RE O, JP R, H K. A successful attempt to raise goat kids free of infection with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in an endemically infected goat herd. N. Z. vet. J. 1987;35:184–86. doi: 10.1080/00480169./1987.35440. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. TC M, KI O, DP K, WP C. Caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus transmission and disease. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1990;160:61–75. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-75267-4_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. O N, JE C, JD S, LC C, DE G. Biological characterization of the virus causing leukoencephalomyelitis and arthritis in goats. J. gen. Virol. 1980;50:69–79. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-50-1-69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. O N, JS W, JS C, JD S, DE G, LC C. Slow virus replication: the role of macrophages in the persistence and expression of visna viruses of sheep and goats. J. gen. Virol. 1982;59:345–356. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-59-2-345. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Regli J, Ruff G, Zanoni R: Impact of CAE disease and practical experience in CAE sanitation in Switzerland. Toulouse: 41st annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Session IV, 1985, (Commision on sheep and goat production, Animal management and health, Slow-virus-diseases in sheep and goats).
  29. E R, N E, E D, J H, NC P. Detection of antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus using recombinant GAG proteins. Arch. Virol. 1994;134:345–356. doi: 10.1007/BF01310572. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. E R, NE E, M T, J H, E D, NC P. Delayed Seroconversion following Naturally Acquired Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Infection in Goats. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1993;54:1858–1862. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. WF R, TM E. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection: from recognition to eradication. Aust. vet. J. 1986;63:237–241. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02983.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. JD R, NE E, CE F, MC T, NC P, GH T. Risk factors associated with the incidence of seroconversion to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goats on California dairies. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1992;53:2396–403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. JD R, NE E, MC T, CE F, NC P. Cohort study of natural transmission and two methods for control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in goats on a California dairy. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1992;53:2386–95. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. BEC S, ter EA L, DP D. Eradication of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep with the help of a newly developed ELISA technique. Vet. Ree. 1994;135:174–176. doi: 10.1136/vr.135.8.174. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. MC S, R C. Effects of infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus on milk production in goats. J. Amer. vet. med. Ass. 1988;193:63–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. JC W, JM G, PW P, RJ M, MJ B. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: cli-nicopathologic study. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1982;43:2085–96. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. MC Z, O N. Lentivirus-induced interferon inhibits maturation and proliferation of monocytes and restricts the replication of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 1989;63:2578–84. doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.6.2578-2584.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. R Z, M A, T B. Lentivirusin-fectionen bei Ziegen mit Carpitis und interstitieller Mastitis. (Lentivirusinfection in Goats with Carpitis and interstitial Mastitis). Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 1983;125:281–299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica are provided here courtesy of BMC

RESOURCES